1. Runway Safety International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations 1

2. Perspective General aviation comprises more than -- 100,000 landing areas 100,000 landing areas 350,000 aircraft 350,000 aircraft 1.5 million pilots 1.5 million pilots IAOPA represents – IAOPA represents – 450,000 pilot/owners in 69 States 450,000 pilot/owners in 69 States 2

3. Are They Really Uncontrolled? Non-towered, perhaps self-control… Non-towered, perhaps self-control… Standard procedures are common Standard procedures are common Ground Ground Flight Flight Communications Communications Training is key. Training is key. 3

4. Environment Location – mountains, deserts, surrounding obstructions Location – mountains, deserts, surrounding obstructions Small – runway length and width Small – runway length and width Irregular Surface – macadam, grass, gravel, dirt Irregular Surface – macadam, grass, gravel, dirt Non-standard design - construction, signage, facilities Non-standard design - construction, signage, facilities Certification – normally uncertified by any government organization Certification – normally uncertified by any government organization Multiple operations – aeroplane, helicopter, glider, ultralight. Multiple operations – aeroplane, helicopter, glider, ultralight. 4

5. Problems Taxi – few charts, un/poorly marked routes, obstructions Taxi – few charts, un/poorly marked routes, obstructions Takeoff – can’t see entire pattern, no communications, multiple operations Takeoff – can’t see entire pattern, no communications, multiple operations Landings – Heavy traffic, non-standard patterns, no communications, multi-ops Landings – Heavy traffic, non-standard patterns, no communications, multi-ops IFR/VFR mix – instrument approach vs. VFR pattern IFR/VFR mix – instrument approach vs. VFR pattern Airport design/maintenance – inadequate Airport design/maintenance – inadequate Proficiency & Experience Proficiency & Experience Discipline …. Discipline …. 5

6. …Consequences nway incursions -- self-clearance reduces frequency/severity Runway incursions -- self-clearance reduces frequency/severity Excursions, overruns – pilot error, wind/weather, airport design Excursions, overruns – pilot error, wind/weather, airport design Collisions on the ground – taxiing, vehicles, obstacles Collisions on the ground – taxiing, vehicles, obstacles Mid-Air Collisions – usually on approach or on runway Mid-Air Collisions – usually on approach or on runway 6

7. 7 Big vs Little – we choose not to go to large airportsBig vs Little – we choose not to go to large airports Sequencing difficultSequencing difficult Strange environmentStrange environment Single-pilotSingle-pilot HazardsHazards Wake turbulenceWake turbulence Jet wakeJet wake Too small to see?.Too small to see?. Controlled (towered) Airports

8. Solutions Awareness – pilots, flight instructors, controllers, airport operators, regulators Education – Pilots, controllers, regulators Initial and recurrent training – pilots and flight instructors Safety refreshers – States, flight training organizations, safety groups. 8

9. Continuing Pilot Education States -- Canada, USA, Australia, UK, New Zealand, EASAStates -- Canada, USA, Australia, UK, New Zealand, EASA Flight training organizationsFlight training organizations Foundations – AOPA Air Safety InstituteFoundations – AOPA Air Safety Institute Associations – AOPAsAssociations – AOPAs Periodicals.Periodicals. 9

10. 10

11. 11

12. 12

13. 13

14. 14

15. 15

16. www. airsafetyinstitute.org ---www.aopa.org/asf--- +1 301 695 2084 16

17. International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations john.sheehan@aopa.org---www.iaopa.org--- +1 301 695 2220 17