1. Chapter 8 Resource Considerations1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2. Learning Objectives
Learn how to take resource constraints into account
Determine the planned resource utilization for a project
Level the use of resources within the required time frame
Determine the shortest project schedule with limited resources 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3. Real World Example Vignette: Human Genome Project
In the 1980’s, the US Department of Energy recommended a study to define the entire human genome
The US government began funding for scientists in the US to join the Human Genome Project
Began with a $3 billion budget and a completion date of 2005.
Because of lack of technology in 1990, they spent the first few years creating tools they might need.
1990: $10 to ID single letter of DNA code; a day to process 10,000
Then: $.05 to ID the same DNA code; 1 second to process 10,000
The Human Genome Project finished 2 years ahead of schedule, and $400 million under budget. Scientists were able to identify 99% of the human genome 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

4. Real World Example Vignette: Indiana Road Construction Project
The state of Indiana decided to close a stretch of Interstate 65 and Interstate 70 in Indianapolis for construction
A total shutdown of the road would allow work crews to work through the night to complete the project in 85 days. It would take 250 days without a total shutdown
The state knew that closing the highway would be an inconvenience- approximately 175,000 vehicles travel the highway each day. They decided to devise a communication campaign to inform the public about the highway closing
Construction began in May 2003 with no major problems. The public knew in advance about the project, so they were able to use alternate routes or public transportation 4

5. Resource-Constrained Planning
Nearly all projects have limits on available resources.
Project delays often occur due to certain resources being unavailable.
A network diagram can be drawn to reflect the availability of a limited number of resources. 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4

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7. Planned Resource Utilization
It’s necessary to indicate the amounts and types of resources needed to perform each activity.
Resource utilization based on each activity’s earliest start time are based on an as-soon-as-possible (ASAP) schedule.
Resource utilization charts based on each activity’s latest start time are based on an as-late-as-possible (ALAP) schedule. 7 7 7 5 7 5 5 5 5 5

8. An ASAP chart - Unless indicated otherwise, always assume the chart is ASAP!8

9. Resource Leveling
Resource leveling, or smoothing, is a method for developing a schedule that attempts to minimize the fluctuations in requirements for resources.
This method levels the resources so that they are applied as uniformly as possible without extending the project schedule beyond the required completion time.
Trial-and-error method
Delay non-critical activities beyond earliest start time 9 6

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11. Resource-Limited Scheduling
Resource-limited scheduling is a method for developing the shortest schedule when the number or amount of available resources is fixed and cannot be exceeded.
This method will extend the project completion time if necessary in order to keep within the resource limits.
Iterative method
Allocate resources based on priority (least slack, etc.) 11 8 8 6 8 6 7 6 6 6

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13. Assume limited to 2 painters!13

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17. Project Management Software
Provides excellent features for handling resource considerations within a project.
Allows you to create and maintain a list of resources.
Resources can be assigned to various tasks within a project.
The user is informed if any resources have time conflicts or if they are over-allocated.
Numerous resource allocation reports can be generated. 17 10 10 7 10 7 8 7 7 7