1. Alex Harkins Jake Taylor THE US INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM

2. CONTENTS History Planning Construction Engineering Standards Early standards Modern standards Engineering and Politics Lobbying http://public.csusm.edu/kovri001/1950s.html

3. The Road is long but never narrow The interstate flying even faster We travel forward, sometimes back, always fast -Anonymous HISTORY

4. http://www.history.com/shows/modern-marvels/videos/keep-it-moving

5. http://www.dot.ca.gov/interstate/

6. PLANNING Thomas H. MacDonald Federal Highway Act of 1921 General John J. Pershing “Pershing Map” President Roosevelt <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Highways1955.gif

7. PLANNING President Dwight D. Eisenhower <http://www.harisingh.com/Images/hsike3.jpg

8. CONSTRUCTION Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 Significant dates: 1986 – Completion of I-80 1990 – Completion of I-10 1991 – Completion of I-90 1992 - Completion of the original Interstate Highway System

9. ENGINEERING STANDARDS

10. EARLY HIGHWAY STANDARDS Early 1900s AASHO Design criteria Design vehicle Design speed Alignment http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96 summer/p96su10.cfm

11. EARLY HIGHWAY STANDARDS 1950s Design Criteria Control of Access Design vehicle (automobiles) Design speed (40-50 urban/mountainous, 60-70 rural) Alignment (high speed = low curvature) Superelevation Sight distance (stopping distance) Divided Highways (ADT of >800) Right of way (two lane, divided) http://www.civilpeexam.com/books/bo oks_transportation.php

12. MODERN DAY STANDARDS Changes AASHTO “green book” Control of Access Design speed Lane width

13. NUMBERING SYSTEM Primary Routes have one and two digits. Main Highways Odd numbers travel north to south (increasing west to east) Even numbers travel east to west (increasing south to north) No repetition Auxiliary Routes have three digits. These highways often form loops and are usually found in urban areas. These numbers can be repeated in different states. http://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/interstate.html

14. LOBBYING

15. WHAT IS LOBBYING? Lobbying is the act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials in the government, most often legislators or members of regulatory agencies. Lobbying is done by many different types of people and organized groups, including individuals in the private sector, corporations, fellow legislators or government officials, or advocacy groups.

16. THE NSPE All NSPE members automatically qualify to join one of six practice-specific engineering interest groups. Each provides members with benefits unique to their field, including opportunities to: 1) Network within their communities of practice – across geographical lines 2) Build leadership skills and professional alliances 3) Give input on products and services designed to serve the whole engineering community 4) Help recognize leading and emerging engineers within your field with awards and scholarships 5)Join in mentoring young engineers within your practice community.

17. BENEFITS OF LOBBYING INVOLVING ENGINEERING The benefits that Engineers can experience from lobbying are many Increase pay Help design major projects and the use of funds that are accorded to them Involve them into the mainstream political forum Guarantee that they will receive that benefits from the jobs that they help create

18. WHAT WORKS BEST IN LOBBYING? Delivering the straight facts to lawmakers; Having active allies in a Congressman's district; Mobilizing grassroots action, such as phone calls and letters; Getting along well with politicians and their staffs.(2)

19. The Road is long but never narrow The interstate flying even faster We travel forward, sometimes back, always fast CONCLUSION

20. WORKS CITED