1. Chapter 14 Warm-Up Part 1 – Make a list of ways to keep your teeth healthy. Circle the behaviors you engage in regularly. Put a star next the ones you would like to improve. Part 2 – Make a list of activities during which some type of eye protection should be worn. Consider both recreational and sport activities.

2. Chapter 14 Personal Care and Healthy Behaviors

3. Lesson 1 – Healthy Skin, Hair and Nails Structure and Function of Skin Structure and Function of Skin –Epidermis – Outer, thinner layer that is composed of living and dead cells. –Dermis – Thicker layer of the skin beneath the epidermis that is made up of connective tissue, and contains blood vessels and nerves. –Melanin – Pigment that gives skin, hair and the iris of the eyes their color.

4. Healthy Skin In order to keep your skin healthy follow these steps: In order to keep your skin healthy follow these steps: –Wash your face twice a day. –Daily bathing or showering helps remove and slow bacteria growth that causes body odor. –Avoid touching your face with your hands, this can introduce new bacteria to the skin’s surface. –Choose personal skin care products carefully!

5. Protect from UV Rays Even though a sunburn or tan can fade or disappear, the damages of the UV rays are long-term. Even though a sunburn or tan can fade or disappear, the damages of the UV rays are long-term. Always wear sunscreen on exposed areas of skin. Always wear sunscreen on exposed areas of skin. Wear protective clothing – Hats, long- sleeved shirts, long pants, etc. to prevent excessive exposure. Wear protective clothing – Hats, long- sleeved shirts, long pants, etc. to prevent excessive exposure. Sunlight is most intense from 10am-4pm. Sunlight is most intense from 10am-4pm.

6. Body Piercing and Tattooing The practice of piercing and tattooing has been around for thousands of years. These changes are permanent and carry potential health risks. The practice of piercing and tattooing has been around for thousands of years. These changes are permanent and carry potential health risks. Blood borne pathogen risk is increased Blood borne pathogen risk is increased –Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV through non- sterile needle use. Tattooing and piercing can also affect your social health. Tattooing and piercing can also affect your social health.

7. Common Skin Problems Acne Acne –Touching or picking at only aggravates the condition and may cause scarring. Warts Warts Boils Boils Moles Moles –Certain moles may develop into Melanoma – the most serious form of skin cancer.

8. Melanoma ABCD’s of Melanoma ABCD’s of Melanoma –A = Asymmetry – Line drawn through middle does not produce matching halves –B = Border irregularity – Noncancerous moles have smooth edges, suspect moles often have irregular edges. –C = Color – Look for moles that are intensely black, or with bluish tint, or uneven color. –D = Diameter – Check for moles that are wider across than a pea.

9. Your Hair Hair is on almost every skin surface. Hair is on almost every skin surface. Between 100,000 to 200,000 on your head! Between 100,000 to 200,000 on your head! Regular shampooing and daily brushing helps keep hair healthy. Regular shampooing and daily brushing helps keep hair healthy. Limit the use of permanents, dyes, or bleaches; Overexposure can make hair dry and brittle. Limit the use of permanents, dyes, or bleaches; Overexposure can make hair dry and brittle.

10. Hair Problems Dandruff – Scalp becomes too dry and dead skin cells shed as sticky, white flakes Dandruff – Scalp becomes too dry and dead skin cells shed as sticky, white flakes Head Lice – Mainly spread from Head-to- Head Contact. Head Lice – Mainly spread from Head-to- Head Contact. –Don’t share hairbrushes with anyone! –After ridding yourself of infection, sterilize sheets, hairbrushes, combs, curling/flat irons, and hats to prevent reinfection.

11. Your Nails Serve as protection of the tissues of the fingers and toes. Serve as protection of the tissues of the fingers and toes. Keep nails clean and evenly trimmed. Keep nails clean and evenly trimmed. Trim toenails straight across and just slightly above the skin to prevent ingrown nails, and to reduce risk of infection. Trim toenails straight across and just slightly above the skin to prevent ingrown nails, and to reduce risk of infection.

12. Lesson 2 – Care of Teeth and Mouth Your Teeth Your Teeth –The periodontium is the area immediately around the teeth. It is made of the gums, periodontal ligaments, and the jawbone. –A tooth is made up of three main parts. The crown – visible portion of the tooth. It is covered with enamel. The crown – visible portion of the tooth. It is covered with enamel. The dentin – Middle Layer of the tooth. The dentin – Middle Layer of the tooth. The pulp – the tissue that contains the blood vessels and nerves of a tooth. Pulp extends into the root canal and provides nourishment to the tooth. The pulp – the tissue that contains the blood vessels and nerves of a tooth. Pulp extends into the root canal and provides nourishment to the tooth.

13. Healthy Teeth and Mouth Plaque is a sticky, colorless film that acts on sugar to form acids that destroy tooth enamel and irritate gums. Plaque is a sticky, colorless film that acts on sugar to form acids that destroy tooth enamel and irritate gums. –Plaque and bacteria can cause tooth decay. Tooth decay and other diseases can be prevented by brushing after eating and flossing daily. Tooth decay and other diseases can be prevented by brushing after eating and flossing daily. Regular dental visits are important for maintaining dental health. Regular dental visits are important for maintaining dental health. Follow a well-balanced diet – include phosphorus, calcium, and vitamin C. Follow a well-balanced diet – include phosphorus, calcium, and vitamin C. –Reduce amount of sugary snacks you eat. –Avoid all tobacco products.

14. Problems of the Teeth and Mouth Halitosis, or bad breath, can be caused by eating certain foods, smoking, poor hygiene, bacteria on the tongue, decayed teeth, or gum disease. Halitosis, or bad breath, can be caused by eating certain foods, smoking, poor hygiene, bacteria on the tongue, decayed teeth, or gum disease. Periodontal disease is caused by bacterial infection. Periodontal disease is caused by bacterial infection. Malocclusion, “bad bite”, may be caused by having extra teeth and misalignment of the upper and lower jaws. Malocclusion, “bad bite”, may be caused by having extra teeth and misalignment of the upper and lower jaws.

15. Your Eyes Your eyes sit in bony sockets, called orbits, in the front of your skull. They are cushioned inside the orbits by a layer of fat. Your eyes sit in bony sockets, called orbits, in the front of your skull. They are cushioned inside the orbits by a layer of fat. Your eyebrows, eyelashes, and eyelids protect your eyes from foreign particles and bright light. Your eyebrows, eyelashes, and eyelids protect your eyes from foreign particles and bright light.

16. Parts of the Eye Two Main Parts Two Main Parts –Optic Nerve – connects the eye with the brain to produce images. –Three Layers of the eyeball wall. Outermost layer is made up of the sclera and the cornea Outermost layer is made up of the sclera and the cornea The middle layer of the eye wall includes the choroids, iris - which contains the pupil, and the retina. The middle layer of the eye wall includes the choroids, iris - which contains the pupil, and the retina.

17. Important Tips to Have Healthy Eyes Important Tips to Have Healthy Eyes –Follow well-balanced diet. Vitamin A deficiency can affect night vision. –Protect your eyes. Safety goggles or mask should be worn when the eyes could get damaged. Keep dirty hands away from your eyes to reduce risk of eye infection and injury. –Have regular eye exams to detect any problems as early as possible, –Rest your eyes regularly – Take breaks when working on the computer, look up every 10 minutes to reduce eyestrain.

18. Lesson 4 - Parts of the Ear The ear has three main sections. The ear has three main sections. –Outer ear begins with the visible part of the ear, called the auricle. –The middle ear contains the auditory ossicles The middle ear is connected to the throat by the Eustachian tube. The middle ear is connected to the throat by the Eustachian tube. –The inner ear, or labyrinth, consists of a network of curved and spiral passages with three main parts. The cochlea is the area of hearing. The cochlea is the area of hearing. The vestibule and semicircular canals are where balance is controlled. The vestibule and semicircular canals are where balance is controlled.

19. Healthy Behaviors for Healthy Ears Healthy Behaviors for Healthy Ears –Clean your ears regularly. Let the shower water gently run into your ears. That will melt any ear wax you have in your ears. Let the shower water gently run into your ears. That will melt any ear wax you have in your ears. –Protect your ears from injury and extreme cold. –Keep foreign objects, including Q-tips, OUT of your ears! Only use Q-tips on the external part of your ear! –Have ear infections treated immediately by a health care professional. –Have your ears examined and your hearing tested. Protect your hearing by avoiding overexposure to loud noise, that may lead to hearing loss or deafness. Protect your hearing by avoiding overexposure to loud noise, that may lead to hearing loss or deafness.