1. The Roman Empire Creation of Empire

2. Julius Caesar Factions develop in Rome Caesar is Consul and leads an army into Gaul

3. Caesar defeats Gaul Troops swear loyalty to the great leader Pompey gains power and orders Caesar to disband and return to Rome

4. King? Caesar breaks Roman law and marches an army across the Rubicon River Defeats Pompey 44 BCE – named dictator for life

5. Caesar’s Reign Citizenship to the conquered Places allies in the Senate Creates public jobs for the poor Ruled as a tyrant! –Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius assassinate him outside of the Senate (Tarquin)

7. A Vast and Powerful Empire Augustus is respected for the following: –Expanded to empire –Defeating many tribes and rivals –Starting amazing building projects He also created: –Grain allowances –Postal Service

8. PAX ROMANA 3 Million square miles 60-80 million Romans 90% of economy is based on agriculture People and ideas move along trade routes cultural diffusion!

9. PAX ROMANA Coliseum (Bread and Circus) Forum

10. ROMAN ACHEIVEMENTS Read your topic and record information into the graphic organizer 2 duos partner and discuss (adjust/amend information) Create a poster that contains the following: 1.What was it like before/problems 2.What is it? What did it do? Why was it helpful/important? 3.What in America is this similar to?

11. The Fall of Rome Pax Romana ends with Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-180) Attacks by rival tribes No new resources Inflation increases due to high taxes Civil War, bankruptcy, divisions

12. Diocletian Doubles the army’s size Divides the empire into East and West

13. Constantine Moves Eastern capital to Constantinople (Byzantium) –Weakens the empire Legalizes Christianity –Weakens the customs of Rome, division

14. The Fall of the West Germanic invaders Barbarians (Goths, Visigoths, Vandals) –410 AD (Goths sack Rome) Attila the Hun and the Mongolian raiders –Conquer the empire (444 & 452)

15. Reasons for Fall PoliticalSocialEconomicMilitary Government is a burden Lack of interest and confidence Poor harvestsLow funding for military Military overtoneDisloyalty & corruption Threats to tradeBarbarians Civil WarRich vs. PoorNo war plunderLack of pride Division of empire Food shortagesInflationLess recruits Moving the capital DiseaseHigh tax burden Rich vs. Poor

16. Primary Sources –Produced by eyewitnesses to events –Examples: Diaries, Letters, Interviews, Autobiographies, Artifacts, & Paintings Convey personal experiences: Often give an emotion & opinion

17. Secondary Sources Use information gathered from others Examples: Textbooks & Biographies Help to understand events in a larger context

18. Analyzing Sources Determine the reliability –P: Author & when written (right after the event or much later) –S: Good documentation (sources cited) Evaluate for bias –Example: