1. Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
The Roman Republic
Chapter 6
Section 1

2. Vocab Republic Hannibal Patrician Plebian Tribune Consul Senate
Dictator
Legion
Punic Wars

3. Origins of Rome Legend of Rome:
Founded in 753 B.C.E. by Romulus and Remus
Twin sons of the god Mars
Abandoned at the Tiber River and raised by a she-wolf

4. Origins of Rome The First Roman’s
First to arrive between B.C.E
3 groups of people
Latin's- settled in Rome on Palatine Hill
Greek’s- establish colonies along southern Italy and Sicily
Etruscan’s- native born to Italy; skilled in metalwork and engineering; Roman’s will adopt their alphabet

5. Early Republic Last King of Rome:
Tarquin the Proud- harsh king driven from power in 509 B.C.E.
Roman’s vowed they would never be ruled by a king again
Create republic; (res publica) citizens who have the right to vote for a leader
Citizen- only free white males

6. Early Republic Plebeians Patricians Patricians: Plebeians:
Plebeians: common farmers, artisans, merchants who make up the majority population
Had the right to vote but could not hold important public office
Tribunes- elected representatives of the plebeians to protect the rights of the plebeians from the patricians
Patricians:
Patricians: wealthy land owners
Inherited power and wealth; claim that status gives them authority to make laws for Rome

7. Early Republic Twelve Tables: Plebeians get a written law code
Now patricians cannot twist the laws to benefit themselves
451 B.C.E. Rome’s laws are scribed on 12 tablets hung in the forum

8. Government under the Republic
“Balanced” Government:
Romans believed they had taken the best aspects of a monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy

9. Government under the Republic
Consuls:
(2) Like kings; rule for 1 yr, cannot be re-elected for another 10yrs.
Run the military and the government
One consul could always overrule or veto the other

10. Government under the Republic
Senate:
Aristocratic branch of the government
Held both legislative and administrative responsibilities
300 members chosen from Rome’s elite
Influence in both foreign and domestic affairs
Tribal Assembly; made up of plebeians elected tribunes to create laws for the common man

11. Government under the Republic
Dictator:
Absolute power to make laws and command the army
In times of crisis the Romans would elect a dictator to protect Rome
Power only last for 6 months
Picked by the consuls and elected by the senate

12. Rome Spreads its Power Roman Army Placed great value on the military
All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the army
Certain political office required 10 yrs of service
Legion: 5,000 infantry (foot soldiers) supported by cavalry
Century- 80 men

13. Rome Spreads its Power Rome Conquers Italy
4th century B.C.E. dominate central Italy
Defeat the Etruscans in the north and the Greek states in the south
265 B.C.E. Rome controls Italy
The Latins were made full citizens of Rome
Most conquered people became citizens without the right to vote
Or became allies; Rome would not interfere with allies as long as they gave troops and didn’t make treaties with another state

14. Rome Spreads its Power Rome’s Trading
Rome traded large amounts of goods with people throughout the Mediterranean Sea
Carthage, colony in North Africa begins to challenge Rome’s power……

15. Rome Spreads its Power Punic Wars: 1st Punic War:
3 wars fought between Rome and Carthage from B.C.E.
1st Punic War:
Fought to control Sicily and the West Med. And Rome wins (1-0)
Lasts 23 yrs

16. Rome Spreads its Power 2nd Punic War (218 B.C.E.):
Hannibal: Carthaginian general
29 yrs old; brilliant military strategists
Wants to avenge Carthage defeat
50,000 men, 9,000 cavalry and 60 elephants
Surprise attack; from Spain through France and down through the Alps

17. Rome Spreads its Power Rome Triumphs:
General Scipio- Roman general that devised a plan to attack Carthage
Forcing Hannibal to leave his campaign in Italy
Battle of Zama 202 B.C.E.
Roman’s finally defeat Hannibal
(2-0)

18. Rome Spreads its Power Third Punic War 149-146 B.C.E.
Rome lays seize to Carthage
Burn the city to the ground
50,000 people sold into slavery