1. Cell Structure and Function
Donald Winslow, St. Gregory’s University
25 January 2011
Readings:
Mader, Sylvia 2011
Inquiry into Life, 13th ed.
McGraw-Hill, NY
Ch. 3; pp 47-52, 54-61, 63
Ch. 4; pp 68-69, (on membranes)

2. Objectives List organelles found in most cells.
Describe structure & function of these organelles.
Give examples of cells where particular types of organelles are abundant.
Describe structure & function of cell membranes.
Contrast cell membranes & cell walls.
Explain membrane transport processes.

3. Organelles in an endothelial cell

4. Nucleus Envelope (2 membranes)
Functions in DNA replication & RNA synthesis
Most eukaryotic cells have one nucleus.
Syncytial eukaryotic cells have multiple nuclei.
Prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei.

5. Mitochondria & chloroplasts
Inner membrane & outer membrane
Function in cellular respiration
Especially abundant in muscle cells
Chloroplasts
Function in photosynthesis
Especially abundant in leaf cells

6. Endoplasmic reticulum
One membrane surrounding lumen
Lipid bilayer synthesis, transport to membranes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (with ribosomes)
Proteins imported into ER as they are made
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

7. Ribosomes No membranes 2 subunits composed of protein & RNA
Protein synthesis from info in messenger RNA
Especially abundant in cells that secrete proteins

8. Lysosomes & peroxisomes
One membrane
Intracellular digestion
Peroxisomes
Oxidation of toxins by peroxide
Especially abundant in protective tissues

9. Golgi apparatus Stack of membrane-bound “pancakes”
Staging area for ER products

10. Vesicular transport
Transport vesicle

11. Cell membrane