1. Solid & hazardous materials Environmental Science, Donald Winslow 4 December 2009

2. Mining Minerals & rock Economic geology 1872 Mining law Metals Non-metal mineral resources Fuel Environmental effects of mining Reducing consumption

3. Metals refined from mined ore Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Hg, Sn, Cr, Mn, Pt, Au, Ag

4. Non-metal mineral resources Gravel Clay Glass Salts

5. Fuel Uranium Petroleum Coal Mountaintop Removal www.ilovemountains.org Natural gas Coal-bed methane Powder River, Wyoming Arkoma Basin, Oklahoma

6. Environmental effects of mining Acid drainage Processing Smelting Heap-leach extraction

7. Reducing consumption Metals Plastics Fuels Electricity etc Eliminating unnecessary consumption reduces waste.

8. Solid and hazardous waste What is waste?

9. Solid waste Waste production American waste stream Fate of American solid materials Landfills closing Reduce, reuse, recycle Hazardous waste

10. American waste stream Paper & paperboard Yard trimmings Plastic Food Metals

11. Fate of American solid materials Landfills Open dumps Sanitary landfills Ocean dumping Exporting waste & environmental justice Recycling Incineration Composting

12. Recycling Sorting, cleaning, reformulating Demanufacturing Biodegradable plastics

13. Incineration Pollution Cogeneration

14. Hazardous waste Chemical & petroleum pollution Federal legislation & regulation Cradle-to-grave Superfund Electrical transformers & PCBs Brownfields Bioremediation Retrievable storage & secure landfills