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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 0 of 14 The History of Nylon Presentation on the development of man made fibres especially nylon 6-6 Presentation by Güneş TAVMEN & Stefan SCHINZEL Introduction
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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 1 of 14 Table of Contents Contents: 1.Introduction 2.Reflections of the Nylon 6-6 History 3.Outcome 4.Conclusion 5.Questions & Discussion
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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 2 of 14 1 Research Questions Research questions: Do documents on history shape the perceptions of certain subjects? Can history be seen from an objective perspective ? Is there a general objective perspective at all ?
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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 3 of 14 1.1 Why Nylon 6-6 ? Why Nylon 6-6 (Polyamide 6-6) ? A black box embodied in our lives Wide influence on society Change of relation between lab and commercial industry More recent innovation very well documented
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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 4 of 14 1.2 Utilization of Nylon 6-6 The utilization of Nylon 6-6: Textile industry (“wash and wear”) Musical instruments Toothbrush Carpets Outdoor clothing (inc. tents, backpacks etc) Tires, etc…
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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 5 of 14 1.3 Properties of Nylon 6-6 Chemical & mechanical properties of Nylon 6-6: High tensile strength (stretchable without deformation) Excellent chemical resistance High mechanical strength and heat resistance Easy to process Can be dyed easily
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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 6 of 14 2 Methodology Methodology: Brief introduction to the three different views on history: The inventor (W. Carothers) The company where he conducted the research in his lab (Du Pont) The global perspective
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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 7 of 14 2.1 History 1 Wallace H. Carothers (1896-1938) Genius chemist, several degrees Conducted research at industrial company (Du Pont) Conducted research to find a molecule as large as possible In the beginning he was free to chose his topic, later on he was oriented by Du Pont His colleague realized that nylon could be drawn into fibre (1934) Suffered from depression and committed suicide Science and Corporate Strategy – Du Pont R&D (1992) Polymers – The Origins & Growth of a Science (1995) Massachusetts Institute of Technology http://www.mit.edu (2002)http://www.mit.edu
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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 8 of 14 2.2 History 2 Du Pont (established 1802) Wanted to have a research lab as their “commitment to scientific discovery as the key to future success” Lured away Carothers from Harvard university Carothers was free to “do pure basic research” Du Pont wanted to develop a synthetic fibre that could replace silk Nylon invented by Carothers in 1935 In 1938, public announcement of nylon as “the first man-made organic textile fabric prepared entirely from new materials from the mineral kingdom” Du Pont Corporate Information http://www.dupont.com (2002)http://www.dupont.com Du Pont History Archive http://www.heritage.dupont.com (2002)http://www.heritage.dupont.com
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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 9 of 14 2.3 History 3 The Global View Despite the Great Depression, Carothers’ Lab´s funding was never reduced By 1931 silk was getting expensive and harder to find due to political and trade troubles with Japan Du Pont was urged by the US government to make Nylon a reality as quick as possible Nylon was a potential as a vital war material During war Nylon replaced Asian silk and supplanted cotton Inventing Polymer Science (1998) Science and Corporate Strategy – Du Pont R&D (1992) Massachusetts Institute of Technology http://www.mit.edu (2002)http://www.mit.edu Information pool on the development of Chemistry http://www.chemheritage.org (2002)http://www.chemheritage.org
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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 10 of 14 3.1 Outcome - Diagram I Du Pont The Lab Government Politics Economic Issues War Great Depression
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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 11 of 14 3.2 Outcome - Diagram II Du Pont The Lab Obligations Funding Production Technology Ready made science Carothers Chemists Technicians Instruments
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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 12 of 14 4 Conclusion Conclusion: Documents on history do shape the perceptions on subject: Depending on the material used, it will lead (more or less) to a certain perception Focused on a certain belief, proof in documents on history can always be found By the usage of as various sources as possible, a perspective close to objectivity can be achieved … BUT an ultimate objectivity can never be achieved as it will always depend on people’s (author’s, researcher’s,…) interpretations
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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 13 of 14 4.1 Additional Remarks Additional Remarks: Esp. for Du Pont their advertisement had great impact Big impact of nylon on society (e.g..women started to shave their legs) Interesting further development of Nylon & Du Pont
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Presentation by G. Tavmen & S. Schinzel ESST 2002 Maastricht, NL Page 14 of 14 5 Questions & Discussion Thank you for your attention! -Any Questions? -Time for Discussion!!!
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