1. GEMs for CMS Upgrade Muons are quite central to most of the Physics that would unfold from “CMS” Triggering and tracking with muons, is therefore a challenging task : Detector R&D (Hardware techniques) Instrumentation and Trigger generation (Software development) Muon detectors are in the peripheral regions of the calorimeter, they tend : to be large sized in areas ( 1 to 2 m 2 ) to have a larger granularity in the forward region with excellent timing capabilities  wide acceptance and robust triggering L. M. Pant1India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

2. Standard Model precision measurement : high-η : Z production for backward-forward asymmetry studies (important for pdf) precise measurements of electroweak processes where barrel is not enough (low-pT : J/ψ, Υ) Exotica (new physics at 7-8 TeV mass scale) : Heavy-resonances (with possible multi-leptons signatures) New heavy HSCP which may need precision timing Physics for high eta region L. M. Pant2India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

3. Reduced RE system |η| < 1.6 η=2.4 Scenario with a double GE1/1 and a single GE2/1 station in each endcap Initial RPC end-cap system L. M. Pant3India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

4. The Forward Muon RPC trigger system is equipped with detectors at η < 1.6, the high η region of CMS is presently vacant and presents an opportunity to instrument it with a detector technology that could sustain the environment and be suitable for operation at the LHC and its future upgrades. L. M. Pant4India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011 Forward Muon RPC Trigger system

5. RPC RegionRates Hz/cm 2 LHC (10 34 cm 2 /s) High Luminosity LHC (2.3 x LHC) (10 35 cm 2 /s) Phase II SLHC ?? RB30Few 100 kHz (tbc) RE 1, 2, 3,4  30Few 100kHz (tbc) Total Expected Charge in 10 years 0.05 C/cm 2 0.15 C/cm 2  C/cm 2 RE 1,2,3,4  500 Hz  kHz few kHzfew 10’s kHz Total Expected Charge in 10 years (0.05 - 1) C/cm 2 few C/cm 2 few 10’s C/cm 2 The harsh environment L. M. Pant5India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

6.  = 1.6  = 2.1 GE 1/1 Double station 20 o chambers 2 x 18 = 36 GE 1/1 Double station 20 o chambers 2 x 18 = 36 72 + 8 spares = 80 GE 2/1 Single station 10 o chambers 1 x 36 = 36 GE 2/1 Single station 10 o chambers 1 x 36 = 36 72 + 8 spares = 80 Total 160 chambers @ 7 kCHF 3 GEM layers on either side L. M. Pant6India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

7. Cost of GEM based upgrade 160 GEMs in 3 layers () 1 kCHF  Rs. 50,000/- SNItemCost (kCHF) 1Detector : 160 @ 7 kCHF1120 2Electronics2200 3Power Supplies & Cables480 4Mechanics and Services600 5Gas mixing and distribution systems75 6Total4475 7Contingency (15%)671.25 8Grand Total5146.25 9Rounded5000 Total Cost : 5 MCHF  Rs. 25 Crore This is in additional to 65 MCHF total given in the upgrade technical proposal L. M. Pant7India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

8. The GEM collaboration currently comprises – 76 collaborators – 14 institutions Bari (INFN & Univ.), Beijing, CERN, Delhi, Florida Tech, Frascati, Gent, Islamabad (NCP), Kolkata, Mumbai (BARC & TIFR), Napoli, INFN Pisa/Siena, Warsaw, and Wayne State – 7 countries (plus CERN) Belgium, China, India, Italy, Pakistan, Poland, USA + CERN Additional groups are interested in joining: – ULB Brussels, Belgium (Gilles De Lentdecker) – Tsinghua U., China (Chunhua Jian) – Panjab University, India (Jasbir B. Singh) – KODEL, Seoul, Korea (Sung Park) The GEM collaboration L. M. Pant8India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

9. In the present project stage resources are needed/used for :  construction of small and large prototypes (mechanics, electronics, HV dividers, detector mockup...)  lab equipment and consumables  instrumentation and running during test beam campaigns L. M. Pant9India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011 Present need for resources

10. Base material : Polyimide 50 µm + 5 µm Cu on both sides Base material Hole patterning in Cu Polyimide etch Bottom electro etch Second Polyimide Etch Double maskSingle mask L. M. Pant10India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011 GEM double mask vs. single mask limited to 40 cm x 40 cm mask precision limited to 2 m x 60 cm

11. Present GEM foil : 1.2 m x 0.6 m Future GEM foils : 2m x 0.6 m L. M. Pant11India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

12. Proposed Indian contribution  = 1.6  = 2.1 GE 2/1, Single station, 10 o chambers, 1 x 36 = 36 Cost : 1125 kCHF (22% of the projected cost) :  Rs. 6 Crore Institutes: NPD-BARC, PU-Chandigarh, SINP, ?, ? Cost / Institute: Rs. 2 Crore [12 th plan (2012-2017); 13 th plan] Other Indian: cost per institute reduces or Institutes : one could take up extra layers Joining L. M. Pant12India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

13. NPD-BARC and GEMs : 1 of 4 1.NPD-BARC has expressed its interest (EoI) : Sep 2010 workshop on MPGDs at CERN 2.The necessary infrastructure exists at NPD-BARC for handling the project 3.BARC, as a whole, is planning to join the RD51 collaboration (procedures in the pipeline) 4.A triple GEM (10 cm x 10 cm) procured from CERN is being configured in RPC Lab., at NPD-BARC 5.Gas mixing system arranged for the GEM (Ar:CO 2 :: 70:30) 6.Reactive Ion Etching of polymide surface being studied with RF plasma in a local industry 7.Clean volume for GEM operation being augmented 8.Linkages to the existing programmes : RPCs for CMS L. M. Pant13India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

14. 200 X magnification of a GEM foil Rejected Gem foil Cu etched on one side Polyamide film visible within the circles Hole diameter  70 µm Pitch  140 µm Equilateral triangle symmetry The surface quality of GEM does not appear to be good Cu 140 µm 70 µm NPD-BARC and GEMs : 2 of 4 L. M. Pant14India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

15. RIE machine for dry etching of polymide surface between the etched copper in a local industry Preparations for dry etching of GEM foils NPD-BARC and GEMs : 3 of 4 L. M. Pant15India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

16. GEMs active area: 10 x 10 cm 2 Double mask triple GEM 1D readout (128 ch on X) Strip pitch = 0.8mm Gas mixture : Ar/CO 2 (70/30) Gas flow :  5 litres per hour Test with an X-ray source To do : Triple GEM to be configured for tests Drift GEM3T Anode 3.00 mm GEM3B GEM2T GEM2B GEM1T GEM1B 1.00 mm Drift gap T1 T2 Induction gap 1.00 mm NPD-BARC and GEMs : 4 of 4 L. M. Pant16India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011 Manpower  Scientist : 2  Assistant : 1  Need student : 1

17. GEM foil with the protection resistors Read-Out board, bottom plane Read-Out board, top plane, connector Frame for stretchingPlacing the foil Mounting the frame and stretching Stretched GEM foilPlacing the Read-Out Assembly procedures : 2-3 hours L. M. Pant17India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

18. GEMs for CMS Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics L. M. Pant18India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

19. Fields of Interest Simulation  Characteristic responses: gain and signal in magnetic field  Dynamics related issues: transparency, efficiency, ion back-flow, efficiency, charging up, gas flow  Effect of design parameters: spacer, drift electrode  Gas composition Experiment  Optimization of design parameters: spacer and drift electrode  Measurement of detector dynamics: gain, ion back-flow, gas flow In-Beam Tests Data Analysis L. M. Pant19India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011

20. Resources Expertise  Experiment: experience of working in both low energy and high energy nuclear physics experiments at various national and international accelerator facilities, operation and testing of detectors (gaseous, solid state, scintillator), fluid dynamics, data analysis  Programming and simulation: development of electrostatic field solver (neBEM), interface of neBEM with GARFIELD (RD51 collaboration WG4), detailed field and response simulation of MPGDs, fluid dynamics Personnel (current status)  Faculty: 3  Student: 1  Technician: 2 Infrastructure:  MPGD laboratory with necessary gas flow unit and electronics, XYZ precision positioning system  Blade servers, high-end work stations L. M. Pant20India CMS Meeting, BARC, 28 July 2011