1. One Europe Several Europes Continental Unity and Diversity

2. Opening Address to Peace Congress, August 21, 1849 Victor Hugo A day will come when your arms will fall even from your hands! A day will come when war will seem as absurd and impossible between Paris and London, between Petersburg and Berlin, between Vienna and Turin, as it would be impossible and would seem absurd today between Rouen and Amiens, between Boston and Philadelphia. A day will come when you France, you Russia, you Italy, you England, you Germany, you all, nations of the continent, without losing your distinct qualities and your glorious individuality, will be merged closely within a superior unit and you will form the European brotherhood, just as Normandy, Brittany, Burgundy, Lorraine, Alsace, all our provinces are merged together in France. A day will come when the only fields of battle will be markets opening up to trade and minds opening up to ideas. A day will come when the bullets and the bombs will be replaced by votes, by the universal suffrage of the peoples, by the venerable arbitration of a great sovereign senate which will be to Europe what this parliament is to England, what this diet is to Germany, what this legislative assembly is to France. A day will come when we will display cannon in museums just as we display instruments of torture today, and are amazed that such things could ever have been possible. (...)

4. Key Term: Supranational Organization

6. What are some of the common traits and differences between European States?

7. Athens, Greece Warsaw, Poland Romania

8. What are the borders and limits of the European Union?

9. Europe over the Centuries

10. Europe according to the EU

11. Eurozone Countries 2015

12. Schengen Agreement 2008

13. Schengen Members 2013 Source: ec.europa.eu 2013

14. Council of Europe: Founding nations in yellow

15. EU Members in 2013

16. The Debate over the Limits of Europe

17. Europe and its Neighbours

18. I. European Civilization A.Based on common culture and history – History: succession of historical periods Greeks/Romans Christianized Western Civilization Industrial Era

19. – The source of many innovations around the world e.g. law, philosophy

20. Humanism, the Printing press Erasmus Thomas More

21. The Enlightenment Scientific Discoveries Salons

22. Political Revolutions and the defense of human rights Declaration of the Rights of Man The French Revolution

23. Many artistic and cultural movements Impressionism Cubism Classicism

24. Industrial Era – Europe consolidates its economic headstart and innovative ways of thinking Steam Engines

25. Europe, center of Industrial Power Video: Europe’s Industry, Europe’s heartbeat

26. Conclusion The EU constitutes a group of developed countries. 500 million inhabitants who possess considerable buying power and who on the whole benefit from a strong level of development. The EU space is a space of freedom which renders it attractive. The EU is a political construction which sets standards (human rights, the environment, technology, etc.) carries values, making Europe unique compared to other integrated regions around the world.

27. Homework Review Key Terms (3 pages) Reading: – Text: “Human Geography – The European Union” – Text: “Europe’s Contested Geography” – Text: “Schengen: Controversial EU free movement deal explained”