1. The development and impact of animal cloning

2. What is cloning ? Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original. -Artificial Cloning -Natural Cloning *Reproductive cloning *Therapeutic cloning

3. Reproductive cloning -procedure of creating exact copy of an original. Procedure -mentioned in Biology notes -Technique -Somatic Cell Nucleus Transfer (SCNT)

4. Development 1928 Hans Spemann performs first nuclear transfer experiment. transfer experiment. 1938 Hans Spemann proposed an experiment to transfer one cell's nucleus into an egg transfer one cell's nucleus into an egg without a nucleus (SCNT) without a nucleus (SCNT) 1952 Tadpole,cloned by Briggs and King. 1962 Frogs,cloned by John Gurdon 1963 Carp

5. 1977 Mice,cloned by Karl Illmensee 1978 A worldwide debate on cloning ethics 1998 Lamb (Polly) 2000 Monkey (Tetra), pigs, Asian guar 1986 Steen Willadsen cloned cattle 1997 Sheep (Dolly),Mice 2001 Cat,OX, Cattle

6. 2002 Scientists try to clone Thylacine (Tasmanian Tiger) Tiger) Recently, the project has been revived 2005 Project was stopped 2005 Dog 2003 Mule,Rabbit,Horse,Rat 2004 Fruit Flies, Human embryo

7. Impact of reproductive cloning Positive : - Cloning Human Beings - Infertility - Cloning animals especially extinct species -Cloning pets

8. Discussion Should human beings be cloned ?

9. Negative impact : -right - strange anomalies -commercialization and industrialization -unethical experimentation -population

10. Therapeutic cloning -procedure for creating stem cells genetically compatible with the patient. Procedure - Developed into blastocyst - Stem cells obtained Technique -Somatic Cell Nucleus Transfer (SCNT)

12. Development - Started in 2000 - legal for research purposes in the United Kingdom United Kingdom - The first successful therapeutic cloning was accomplished in 2001- cloning was accomplished in 2001- November November - In many other countries, the practice is banned practice is banned

13. Impact Positive impact -Research - Reverse heart attacks - Produce organs or tissues - Cure diseases e.g Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, e.g Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes diabetes

14. Example Parkinson's disease -movement disorder Cause - Loss of Dopamine Treatment - Inject Levodopa (L-DOPA )

15. Discussion Should stem cells in cloned embryo be extracted to cure disease ?

16. Impact Negative impact Moral and ethical issues - Immoral to create an embryo solely for research research -Origin of ova - Harvesting the stem cells kill embryos - Method of obtaining eggs - Mutated stem cells

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