1. Evolution: A theory that life changes over time

2. Charles Darwin His five year voyage on the HMS Beagle led him to eventually develop the theory of evolution His five year voyage on the HMS Beagle led him to eventually develop the theory of evolution

3. The three patterns of biodiversity: Species vary locally Species vary locally Species vary globally Species vary globally Species vary over time Species vary over time

5. Jean Baptiste LAMARCK Sir Charles DARWIN

6. LAMARCK: 1. Acquired Characteristics 2. Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

7. An example of Lamarck’s reasoning Question: How would Lamarck explain the evolution of the Giraffe? Question: How would Lamarck explain the evolution of the Giraffe? Find where Lamarck is using his two laws to falsely explain evolution in this case. Find where Lamarck is using his two laws to falsely explain evolution in this case.

8. Artificial Selection Darwin’s use of artificial selection allowed him to recognize that variations were the raw material for evolution Darwin’s use of artificial selection allowed him to recognize that variations were the raw material for evolution

9. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

10. Charles Darwin Natural Selection Struggle for Existence Populations compete for food. Some survive Variation and Adaptation Individuals have variations. Some are better suited than others Survival of the Fittest Some are better adapted and will survive and have more off spring *show brainpop: Darwin and then Natural selectionNatural

11. Natural Selection How is the “visual summary” on page 462 an example of natural selection? How is the “visual summary” on page 462 an example of natural selection?

12. What does Darwin’s theory suggest?......Common Descent!

13. Evidence of Evolution : Biogeography – where organisms live now and where their ancestors lived in the past Closely Related but Different Closely Related but Different Distantly Related but Similar Distantly Related but Similar

14. Evidence for Evolution The age of earth and fossils of intermediate species The age of earth and fossils of intermediate species

15. Evidence for Evolution: Comparative Anatomy Homologous structures Homologous structures

16. Evidence of Evolution: comparative anatomy Vestigial Organs Vestigial Organs

17. Evidence of Evolution: Comparative Anatomy Embryology Embryology

18. Genetics and Molecular Biology

19. Investigating Common Descent

20. Chapter 16 Assessment pg. 476 - 479 Chapter 16.1 # 1-4 Chapter 16.1 # 1-4 Chapter 16.2 # 8-13 Chapter 16.2 # 8-13 Chapter 16.3 # 16-18 Chapter 16.3 # 16-18 Chapter 16.4 # 25-29 Chapter 16.4 # 25-29 Standardized Test Prep #1-11 Standardized Test Prep #1-11

21. Origin of Life

22. How Old is Earth? If 1 year is equal to a second……. a half hour would take you back to 5 AD a half hour would take you back to 5 AD 3 weeks would take you back to 100, 000 years (first human life) 3 weeks would take you back to 100, 000 years (first human life) 20 years would take you back to the Cambrian age (500million years ago) 20 years would take you back to the Cambrian age (500million years ago)

23. So, how did life begin? Three Ideas Creationism (faith based) God created all living things Spontaneous Generation (observation) Life arose from non-living matter Ex. Dirt, water Modern Scientific Theory (scientific method) Life arose through chemical reactions

24. Spontaneous Generation all living things developed from non- living matter all living things developed from non- living matter (ie. rocks, mud, rotting meat etc)

25. Who proved spontaneous generation false?

26. Francesco Redi (1626 – 1697)

27. Even though Redi disproved spontaneous generation it was not accepted. Why?

28. Louis Pasteur Pasteur also dispelled the myth of spontaneous generation, proving that all life comes from pre-existing life (biogenesis).

29. What is the purpose of the curved neck flask in Pasteur’s experiment?

30. Modern Scientific Theory: Abiogenesis The Appearance of Life on Earth Required: Formation of simple organic compounds Formation of simple organic compounds Formation of complex organic compounds Formation of complex organic compounds Enclosure of these organic compounds Enclosure of these organic compounds Growth, metabolism and reproduction Growth, metabolism and reproduction

31. First Forms of Life ProkaryoticEukaryotic

32. Same Environment Both live in Desert Same Environment Live in Different Environments Plains vs Forest Insects: longer probes to drink nectar -wings to fly from flower to flower Flowers: bright colours Sweet smell Cactus & Euphorb -both store water in stems and have spiny skin Red fox: Red colour =blend to forest Kit fox: Sandy colour = blend to plains, large ears for cooling Two or more species live in close interaction with one another Two or more UNRELATED species become similar Two or more RELATED species become dissimilar CoevolutionConvergentDivergent PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION

33. Convergent Evolution

34. Divergent Evolution