1. E270 Chris Barkley LOTR bk 2 from Fellowship of the Ring BOOK 2 Focus on how T uses symbolism, setting, dead or dying worlds, winter time period – contrast bk3 Declining world (Balrog from Melkor’s time) See how many you can name Golden Age Explore time and space, deeper sense of history, to today

2. Fellowship of the Ring – Book 2 Plot Summary  Travel thru ruins /dying world of elf, dwarf, man  Council of Elrond  Formation of fellowship, Frodo choosess  Caradhras evil not all Sauron  Moria (Watcher, Troll, Balrog) like Knife  Lothlorien Wonder, recovery  Breaking of the Fellowship  Frodo chooses to take ring

3. Fellowship of the Ring – Book 2 New Characters Elrond not just host, leader, ids quest Boromir contrast to Aragorn, modern Gimli, Legolas, animosity to friend Galadriel, Celeborn 1 st of T’s awe-inspiring women competent, powerful

4. Fellowship of the Ring – Book 2 Monsters Caradhras no connection to Sauron Watcher in the Water fingers Troll toeless foot Balrog dialectic, shadow/flame Gollum new info—out looking for Ring, saw Sauron, captured/escaped, sets up books 4 and 6

5. Fellowship of the Ring – Book 2 Comparison of Characters  Aragorn  Represents Kingdom of North  Sword as heirloom  Begins book with sword broken  Sword symbol of fighter  Reliable, responsible  Will go where Gandalf leads  Humble, keeps North safe from fear of death  DON’T HAVE TO KNOW HE IS THERE  Boromir  Represents Kingdom of South  Horn as heirloom  Begins book with horn in tact  Horn a symbol for a hunter  Brash, inflexible  Afraid of unexpected (Moria, Lorien  Arrogant  Brags, “Bulwark of the West”  Takes Quest from Faramir  Interrups Elrond at Council  Vote must be 8 to 1

6. Fellowship of the Ring – Book 2 Comparison of Characters  Boromir  Desires Ring for himself  Psychological fall  Leads to physical fall (Bk 3)  Boromir  Throws rock into water in front of Moria gates, brings Monster  Boromir  “When heads are at a loss, bodies must serve”  Saruman  Desires Ring for himself  Psychological fall  Leads to physical fall (Bk 3)  Pippin  Throws rock down well, brings orcs  Sam  “Your legs are too short, so use your head”

7. Fellowship of the Ring – Book 2 Settings Hobbits see old kingdoms, get sense of history and destiny of all failing eventually West=good, East=bad, North=decadent, South=true heroic Winter -- Dying world  Hollin no signs  Moria dark, abandoned (orcs), deteriorating  Lorien fading and timeless world  Argonath Amon Hen Ancient reminder of kings Timeless  Rivendell  Lorien

8. Fellowship of the Ring – Book 2 Timeless worlds  Rivendell  Place of healing Rest  Frodo’s wound  Past is learned  Juxtaposed young/old  Songs of the past  Memory/celebration of times past  Lorien  Place of healing  Grief over Gandalf’s death  Future is learned  G’s mirror, not trustworthy  Juxtaposed views of tree  Song re/Gandalf  Memory/grief  Past times live on in Lorien  Frodo still among elanor and niphrendil

9. Fellowship of the Ring – Book 2 Themes  Declining World  Choices PERSONAL MORAL (not good/evil)  Frodo’s  Gandalf’s (FACE BALROG)  Boromir’s (WANTS RING FOR GOOD REASON  BUT IT WOULD RESULT IN EVIL  SARUMAN ALSO BASED ON DISTRUST/WEAK  Visions, predictability WONDER, LOTHLORIEN  Boromir’s message  Mirror of Galadriel  Frodo on Amon Hen

10. Fellowship of the Ring – Book 2 Parallels ACTIONS/EVENTS  Begins and ends with question of what to do with the Ring? Who will take it?  Begins with Frodo’s choice to take Ring / Ends with Frodo’s choice to take Ring  Begins with forming of Fellowship, ends with breaking of Fellowship  Killing of horses at the end of Bk 1, killing of the winged creature at the end of Bk 2  Boromir blows horn to start out, blows horn again to summon aid at the end

11. Fellowship of the Ring – Book 2 Parallels BETWEEN CHAR / WORLDS  Psychological falls of Saruman and Boromir  TEMPTATION OF THE RING  Deaths of Gandalf and Boromir (Bk 3)  Hollin abandoned by elves, Moria by dwarves  Rivendell and Lorien doomed worlds DECLINING  South decadent, North true heroic world  Winter world vs. Spring world in Book 3

12. Fellowship of the Ring – Book 2 Motifs  Gifts  Bilbo’s gifts to Frodo  Mithril (IMPORTANT IN MORIA, CIRITH UNGOL, GATES MORDOR)  Sting, Frodo to withdraw it from wood, USE ON TROLL, THREATEN GOLLUM, EVENTUALLY FORESWEAR VIOLENCE  Galadriel’s gifts  Phial to Frodo  Ties Frodo to Beren, Feanor, Silmarils, Two Trees INTERCONNECTION OF ALL STORIES/TIMES, ALL PLACES/THE ENTIRE WORLD  Gandalf’s description of Frodo “like a glass filled with clear light”  Soil to Sam  Elfstone and scabbard to Aragorn  HAIR TO GIMLI

13. Fellowship of the Ring – Book 1 Songs Hobbits  Bilbo “Earendil” ABOUT ELROND’S FATHER, SILMARIL  “I sit beside the fire and think”  Frodo/Sam “When evening in the Shire” Elves  Elbereth in elvish  Mithrandir  “I sang of leaves”  “Ai! Laurie lantar lassi surinen!” T READS IN ELVISH ON WEB PAGE BB Aragorn “All that is gold” WARNING NO TO BE FOOLED BY APPEARANCES Boromir “Seek for the Sword” CRYPTIC MESSAGE / PREDICTION Gimli “The World was young” Legolas “Nimrodel”

14. Fellowship of the Ring – Book 2 Elvish  Quenta DIALECT  Spoken in Valinor  MADE UP VOCAB CHANGES Derived using Latin rules  Sample: the constellation Orion  menel makar  heaven’s sword  COMMON SPEECH  HOBBITS / MEN  Sindarin  Spoken in MiddleEarth  Derived using Welsh rules  Orion means heaven’s sword  menel vagor  heaven’s sword  ROHAN  OLDER ENGLISH

15. LORD of the Rings – Book 3 from The Two Towers WE HAVE NOW FINISHED DISCUSSING BOOK 2 AND BROUGHT THE FELLOWSHIP TO AMON HEN AND THE BREAKING OF THE FELLOWSHIP AGAIN, YOU SHOULD BE KEEPING TRACK OF REPEATED MOTIFS TO DISCUSS HOW THEY WORK THROUGHOUT LOTR AFTER OUR DISCUSSION ON BOOK 6 JOIN US NEXT TIME AS TOLKIEN COMPLICATES THE PLOT THROUGH THE USE OF MULTIPLE NARRATIVES IN BOOK 3 FROM THE TWO TOWERS WHICH FOLLOWS ARAGORN, GIMLI AND LEGOLAS AS THEY SET OUT TO RESCUE MERRY AND PIPPIN FROM THE ORCS AND RUN INTO NEW ALLIES ON THE WAY

16. Fellowship of the Ring – Book 2 QUOTES TAKE A LOOK AT THE WEB PAGES FOR MY INTERPRETATION OF INDIVIDUAL IMPORTANT QUOTES FROM BOOK 2, ESPECIALLY FROM THE COUNCIL OF ELROND, INVOLVING IMPORTANT ACTIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS (THE MONSTERS IN PARTICULAR AND ALSO THE WONDER OF LOTHLORIEN) YOU COULD WRITE A PAPER ON TOLKIEN’S BELIEF IN THE NECESSITY FOR RECOVERY AND HOW HE ILLUSTRATES THIS THROUGH HIS DESCRIPTIONS OF LOTHLORIEN