1. SOLUTION & SUSPENSIONS
CHAPTER 2.2
SOLUTION & SUSPENSIONS

2. Solutions & Suspensions
Water is usually part of a mixture.
There are two types of mixtures:
1._______________
2. ______________
Solutions
Suspensions

3. Solutions
A _________ is a mixture in which 2 or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance
SOLUTION

4. Solutions SOLUTE SOLVENT
_____________ is the substance dissolved in the solution
Particles may be ions, atoms, or molecules
_______________ is the substance in which the solute is dissolved
SOLVENT

5. Solution

7. A __________________is one in which no more solute can be dissolved
Solutions can be composed of varying proportions of a given solute in a given solvent --- vary in concentration (measurement of the amount of solute)
A __________________is one in which no more solute can be dissolved
SATURATED SOLUTION

8. WATER IS POLAR UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
_______________(water solutions) are universally important to living things
Water is the __________________
AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
UNIVERSAL SOLVENT

9. WATER IS THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT

10. “Like dissolves like” HYDROPHILIC
____________________ means “water loving”
_________ molecules try to _________ and touch water or ______________ molecules
POLAR
BE NEAR
OTHER POLAR
Water makes a great solvent in
living things because so many
molecules found in living things
are polar or have a charge.

11. NONPOLAR MOLECULES Nonpolar molecules do not ________ well in water.
DISSOLVE
Nonpolar molecules do not ________ well in water.
When they are placed in water the _____________are more attracted to ___________than to the nonpolar molecules
OIL AND WATER DO NOT MIX
WATER MOLECULES
EACH OTHER

12. “Like dissolves like” HYDROPHOBIC
“Like dissolves like”
HYDROPHOBIC
_________________ means “water fearing”
___________ molecules try to _________ other __________ molecules and __________ ________ molecules
NON-POLAR
BE NEAR
NON-POLAR
AWAY FROM
POLAR
Oil based paints dissolve
in solvents such as
turpentine
. . . not water.

13. The same molecule can have both POLAR and NON-POLAR parts
EX: PHOSPHOLIPIDS
The same molecule can have both POLAR and NON-POLAR parts
Polar head
NON-polar tails

14. This is very important to organisms.
The shape and function of the cell membranes depend on the interaction of ________ water with _______________membrane molecules
POLAR
NON-POLAR

15. THIS IS A VERY GOOD THING!
CELL MEMBRANE
Water crosses the cell membrane all the time.
Since it is composed of ______________molecules it will attract water but not be dissolved by water.
THIS IS A VERY GOOD THING!
POLAR AND NON-POLAR

16. “Like dissolves like” NON-polar end
______ works because it has a _____________ that dissolves _______ and a __________ that dissolves in _____ to wash away oily dirt.
SOAP
GREASE
POLAR END
WATER

17. Suspensions
Substances that don’t dissolve but separate into tiny pieces.
Water keeps the pieces suspended so they don’t settle out.

18. YOUR MOST IMPORTANT SOLUTION AND SUSPENSION
Your blood is BOTH a solution and a suspension.
It has dissolved compounds in it.
Your blood cells are not dissolved in the solution. The plasma in the blood helps to hold up or suspend the blood cells.
When your heart stops pumping then the cells will fall out of suspension.

19. DISSOCIATION OF WATER
Breaking apart of the water molecule into two ions of opposite charge (due to strong attraction of oxygen atom of one molecule for H atom of another water molecule)
H2O  H+ (hydrogen ion) + OH- (hydroxide ion)

20. DISSOCIATION OF WATER H2O  H+ + OH-
A water molecule can react to form ______
IONS
H2O  H+ + OH-
Hydrogen Ion
Hydroxide Ion

21. Atoms/ions important for living things
Used to make bigger molecules
Ions = electrically charged atoms
____________
Carbon - C
____________
Oxygen - O
Sodium – Na+
Chloride – Cl-
Hydrogen - H
Potassium – K+
Nitrogen - N
Calcium – Ca++
Sulfur - S
Hydrogen – H+
Phosphorus - P

22. ACIDS AND BASES
One of the most important aspects of a living system is the degree of __________ or ____________
ACIDITY
ALKALINITY
Acids are sour or tart: vinegar, lemon and orange juice, wine, aspirin.
Bases are bitter: coffee, tonic water, baking soda, antacid tablets, soap.

23. pH Scale 0-14 LOGARITHMIC SCALE _________________
for comparing the relative concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in a solution
ranges in #’s from
_________
0-14
Each pH is 10X stronger than next
That means that a solution that is ph 1 is 10 times stronger than a solution that is ph 2

24. pH
The term "pH" was invented in 1909 by the Danish chemist Søren Sørensen.
It stands for ______________ which means "potential hydrogen".
pondus hydrogenii

25. The pH Scale ACID BASE NEUTRAL pH 0 – 6.99 is an _______

26. WHEN pH PAPER IS USED IN LAB IT WILL TURN A PARTICULAR COLOR TO INDICATE WHETHER THE SOLUTION IS ACIDIC, NEUTRAL, OR ALKALINE.

27. > Acids hydrogen ions (H+) GREATER (H+) (OH-)
Number of __________________
in solutions is ____________ than the number of hydroxide ions (OH-)
GREATER
>
(H+)
(OH-)
The ________ the pH #
the _________ the ACID
The ___________ the pH #
the ___________ the ACID
HIGHER
WEAKER
LOWER
STRONGER

28. Acids
EXAMPLE
HCl  H+ + Cl-

29. > Bases hydroxide ions(OH-) GREATER (OH-) (H+)
Number of __________________
in solutions is ____________ than the number of hydrogen ions (H+)
GREATER
>
(OH-)
(H+)
The ________ the pH #
the _________ the BASE
The ___________ the pH #
the ___________ the BASE
HIGHER
STRONGER
LOWER
WEAKER

31. REVIEW: DISSOCIATION 1 3 4 5 6 2

32. ACID OR BASE?
ACID OR BASE

33. REVIEW pH 7.0 is__________ the _______the pH the stronger the ACID
LOWER
the _______the pH the stronger the ACID
the _________the pH the stronger the BASE
pH 7.0 is__________
HIGHER
NEUTRAL
BASE
ACID

34. What does the arrow indicate? What does the arrow indicate?
REVIEW
PH VALUE ?
PH VALUE ?
PH VALUE ?
What does the arrow indicate?
What does the arrow indicate?

35. Control of pH is very important
CONTROLLING pH
Control of pH is very important
Most _____________ function only within a very narrow pH
HOMEOSTASIS is accomplished with ___________ made by the body
Buffers keep a neutral pH (pH 7)
ENZYMES
BUFFERS

36. Buffers _________ small amounts of either an acid or base added to a solution
NEUTRALIZE
Complex buffering systems maintain the ______________of your body’s many fluids at normal and safe levels
pH VALUES

37. BUFFERS
We have “added” special buffers to medications to help with keeping the pH in the stomach neutral.

38. pH IN YOUR LIFE

39. pH AND YOU Human blood pH should be slightly alkaline 7.35 - 7.45.
Below or above this range means symptoms and disease.
If blood pH moves below 6.8 or above 7.8, cells stop functioning and the body dies.
The body therefore continually strives to balance pH. (HOMEOSTASIS)
When this balance is compromised many problems can occur.

40. PROBLEMS WITH ph: ACIDOSIS
THIS IS EXTRA STUFF: DO NOT HAVE TO KNOW FOR THE TEST
PROBLEMS WITH ph: ACIDOSIS

41. THIS IS WHY PARENTS AND TEACHERS ARE ALWAYS “NAGGING” YOU TO EAT THE PROPER FOODS!
YOUR PARENTS LOVE YOU AND TEACHERS CARE ABOUT YOU---BUNCHES!

42. NEXT YEAR IN CHEMISTRY YOU WILL LEARN A LOT MORE ABOUT PH.