1. Cardiovascular Systems Chapter 15

2. The Heart 4 Chambers of the Heart 2 smaller chambers are called an atrium 2 lower chambers are called ventricles The septum separates the right & left atria and ventricles

3. The Heart Click the Picture

4. Blood 55% of blood is plasma Red blood cells 40% White blood cells & platelets 5%

5. Blood Red Blood Cells Transports oxygen White Blood Cells Protects against infection Part of the immune system Platelets Prevents loss of blood Click the Picture

6. Blood Vessels Network of more than 60,000 miles of blood vessels!!! Includes: Arteries:carry blood away from the heart Capillaries:carry blood between arterioles and small vessels called venules Veins:returns blood to the heart

7. The Lymphatic System Fights infection & plays a role in the immunity to disease. Lymph: clear fluid that fills space around body cells. 2 types: 1.B Cells: stimulated when in contact with a pathogen and attack. Some are memory cells to help for later exposure… 2.T Cells: stimulated when in contact with a pathogen. Killer cells & Helper cells…

8. Structure of the Lymphatic System Network of vessels & tissues Two large lymphatic ducts (empty into veins near the heart) Lymph nodes (filters) Other structures include: Spleen Thymus gland Tonsils

9. Problems of the Cardiovascular Systems Chapter 16

10. Blood Pressure Measure of the amount of force that the blood places on the walls of blood vessels. Particularly large arteries, as it is pumped through the body. Sphygmomanometer & stethoscope 120/80 is considered normal 1 st number is max. pressure (systolic) 2 nd number is min. pressure (diastolic)

11. Cardiovascular System Problems Congenital Heart Defects Present since birth Hole in the septum allows oxygenated blood to mix with deoxygenated blood Valves that don’t function properly Cardiovascular Disease Group of diseases of the cardiovascular system that includes hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. #1 killer of Men & Women (95,000 deaths) Heart Murmur Abnormal sounds as blood flows through the heart

12. Cardiovascular System Problems Varicose Veins Valves in the veins don’t close tightly enough to prevent backflow of blood. Veins become enlarged and painful. Anemia Condition in which the ability of the blood to carry oxygen is reduced. Most common reason is iron deficiency

14. Cardiovascular System Problems Leukemia Form of cancer in which any one of the different types of white blood cells is produced excessively & abnormally. Hemophilia Inherited disorder Blood doesn't clot normally

15. Lymphatic System Problems Immune Deficiency: Immune system can no longer protect against infections Hodgkin’s Disease/ Lymphoma: Type of cancer that affects the lymph tissue found in the lymph nodes & spleen Tonsillitis Tonsils reduce the number of pathogens entering the body, but aren’t able to if infected…

16. Respiratory System Chapter 16

17. Structure of the Respiratory System The Lungs Air goes down the trachea (windpipe) Branches out to the bronchi Leads to divided & subdivide network of tubes called the bronchioles At the ends are groups of microscopic structures called alveoli.

18. Other Respiratory Structures Upper respiratory Nose Lined with cilia Mucus producing cells Together trap & remove particles Warmed & moistened Mouth Pharynx to the trachea to the bronchi Trachea is lined with cilia & mucus cells

19. The Larynx & the Epiglottis Larynx (voice box) Connects throat & trachea Epiglottis Flap of cartilage Folds down to keep things from entering the respiratory system or the “Wrong Pipe”

20. Respiration System Problems Bronchitis Pneumonia Asthma Sinusitis Tuberculosis Emphysema

21. Respiration System Problems Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi caused by inflection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution Pneumonia An inflammation of the lungs commonly caused by a bacterial or viral infections Asthma Inflammatory condition in which the trachea, bronchi, & bronchioles become narrowed, caused difficulty in breathing

22. Respiration System Problems Sinusitis Inflammation of the tissues that line the sinuses Tuberculosis (TB) A contagious bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs Emphysema A disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli