1. Reconstruction: 1865-1877 Preview Activity
Standards: US.II 3a,3b,3c,4c
Preview Activity
Picture:

2. Civil War: Discussion Review
Why did the Civil War start?
Who fought in the Civil War?
How did the Civil War end?

3. Safari Montage: Reconstruction Introduction

4. What was “Reconstruction”?
After the Civil War, the South was devastated and bitter
Reconstruction was the re- building of the Union (particularly in the South)
Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the freedom that the former slaves had achieved
The Library of Congress

5. Reconstruction Amendments
Passed by Congress to help with Reconstruction
Guaranteed equal protection under the law
13th Amendment (1865)
14th Amendment (1868)
15th Amendment (1870)
Helpful phrase: “FREE CITIZENS VOTE!”

6. 13th Amendment
Abolished (banned) slavery in the U.S. and its territories
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
SAFARI Montage

7. 14th Amendment
Rules that you are a citizen if you are born in the U.S. or its territories
“All persons born or naturalized in the United States…are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.”
SAFARI Montage

8. 15th Amendment
It is illegal to deny someone the right to vote based on race
"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
SAFARI Montage

9. Reconstruction Amendments
Tweeting the News: Reconstruction Amendments

10. DILI 3a: Reconstruction Amendments

11. Conflict Resolution: Post - Civil War
Mediation Activity

12. Lincoln’s Plan of Reconciliation
To bring into agreement or harmony
To come together, forgiving and forgetting the past
Lincoln believed that preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South.
SAFARI Montage
(AKA: The 10% Plan)

13. Robert E. Lee: Pro-Reconciliation
Former Confederate General
Urged Southerners to reconcile with Northerners at the end of the war and reunite as Americans when some wanted to continue to fight
Became president of Washington College, which is now known as Washington and Lee University

14. Lincoln Assassinated
April 14th, 1865, Lincoln was shot at Ford’s Theatre in D.C. by John Wilkes Booth
Died the next day, on April 15th, 1865
The Bettmann Archive

15. President Andrew Johnson
From Tennessee, a Confederate state
Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union
SAFARI Montage

16. President Johnson’s Plan
Offered amnesty (forgiveness) to all Southerners who took a simple oath, or promise of loyalty, EXCEPT Confederate officers
State constitutions had to deny slavery and secession
EFFECTS
Certain leading Confederates could not vote
They just gained power in state governments
Same old, same old!

17. Historical Perspectives
POLITICAL
Associated with “politics”
Involves government, public office, rights, laws, etc.
SOCIAL
Associated with “society”
Involves race, gender, age and other ways of grouping people
ECONOMIC
Associated with the “economy”
Involves money, business, trade, jobs, etc.

18. Policies and Problems of Reconstruction: SCREAM Notes
Soldiers from the North supervised the South.
Carpetbaggers from the North take control of Southern politics and business, leading to resentment from the Southerners.
Rights for African Americans were gained as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which also authorized the use of federal troops to enforce it.
Establishment of the Freedmen’s Bureau to aid former enslaved African Americans in the South.
African Americans could hold public office in the South.
Military leaders of the Confederacy could not hold office.
Policies and Problems of Reconstruction: SCREAM Notes

19. Southern Reaction to Reconstruction: Creation of the Black Codes
The purpose was to control daily life for freedmen
Kept them working on plantations and farming
Received the same old treatment
Forced many former slaves to become “sharecroppers”
SAFARI Montage

20. Cycle of Sharecropping
*Sharecropping Activity
The sharecropper rents a piece of land from the landowner. This rent includes a shack, seeds and farming tools. The sharecropper promises to give the landowner a percentage of the crops.
The sharecropper plants and harvest the crops such as corn, wheat, fruits, pecans, and peanuts.
The sharecropper gives the landowner the amount of crops agreed upon.
Some of the remaining crops feed the sharecropper’s family. Rarely, there are enough crops to sell for profit.
Another portion of the crop is sold to pay rent to the landowner for the next season.

21. Sharecropping Activity

22. Northern Soldiers Supervised the South

24. Carpetbaggers
Men from the North that went to the South after the Civil War to make money from the people of the South

25. Civil Rights Act of 1866 Gave full citizenship to African Americans
Stated that the federal government would enforce the law
Overturned the Black Codes

26. Freedmen’s Bureau SAFARI Montage
Established to help former slaves go to school
SAFARI Montage
Granger Collection

28. Compromise of 1877
Reconstruction ended in 1877 as a result of a compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876
Republicans (mostly in the North) ended the military occupation of the South in exchange for having their candidate Rutherford B. Hayes become President

29. “Who Killed Reconstruction?”
DBQ Class Set Reading and Questions

30. DILI 3b: Reconstruction Policies/Problems

31. Continuing Legacy: “Jim Crow” Era
Late 1800s to mid-1960s when Southern states required racial segregation in public schools, transportation, and other public facilities
Racial segregation
Based upon race
Directed primarily against African Americans but other groups were also kept segregated (American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924).
Library of Congress

32. Reconstruction and Segregation
Segregation means to separate by race
African Americans and whites were separated in public places (“racial segregation”)
“Jim Crow” laws were passed to discriminate against African Americans
They legalized segregation.
SAFARI Montage

33. The Nystrom Atlas of U. S. History, P
The Nystrom Atlas of U.S. History, P.86; © 2000 NTSTROM Division of Herff Jones, Inc.

34. Racial Segregation Explain or describe this cartoon:
Library of Congress

35. Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court case in 1896 that maintained segregation
“Separate but equal” was legal

36. Examples of Jim Crow Laws
Buses: “All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races.” Alabama
Railroads: “The conductor of each passenger train is authorized and required to assign each passenger to the car or the division of the car, when it is divided by a partition, designated for the race to which such passenger belongs.” Alabama
Restaurants: “It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment.” Alabama
Education: “The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall be conducted separately.” Florida

37. Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan
Founded in Tennessee by 6 rebels
Became the most powerful secret society in the South
Members threatened, beat, and even killed African Americans
Burned schools and churches in night raids
Disrupted elections (there were more than 100,000 more eligible African American voters than white)
SAFARI Montage

38. Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan
Today
About 100 different chapters
As many as 5,000 members
Strongest in the South and Midwest
Monitored by the FBI for hate crimes and Civil Rights violations

39. Rights Lost Due to Jim Crow
Violated the Reconstruction Amendments which guaranteed equal protection under the law for all born in the U.S.
History Alive! The United States – Transparencies 1-Lessons 1-22 – 2002 – Transparency #22A-The Road to Reconstruction

40. Rights Lost Due to Jim Crow
The right to vote
The right to serve on juries
Made discrimination legal in many communities and states
Unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government
NAACP – 1958 sign at Illinois Railway Station – Jackson, Mississippi

41. Frederick Douglass Biography Link
Former slave and human rights activist
Fought for adoption of constitutional amendments that guaranteed voting rights
Was a powerful voice for human rights and civil liberties, or rights and freedoms, for all (including women and minorities)
Biography Link

42. Reconstruction Legacies: Lincoln, Lee, Douglass Notes
Complete the review page for these three gentlemen.

43. DILI 3c: Reconstruction Legacies

44. Booker T. Washington
Believed equality could be achieved through vocational education / job training
Established the Tuskegee Institute
Accepted social segregation
Ways to remember him:
“T” for training/Tuskegee
“Book” for education

46. W.E.B. DuBois SAFARI Montage
Believed in full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans
Helped to found the NAACP
Believed in immediate integration (no segregation)
Ways to remember him:
Wanted “D’bois and d’girls full freedom!”
SAFARI Montage

47. Comparing Washington and DuBois
Use the class set readings to fill in the facts about Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois.
Think:
Where are they from?
What are their backgrounds?
What did they believe?
How did their peers respond to them?

48. “Worse Than Slavery” Cartoon Analysis

49. DILI 4c: Constraints Faced

50. Study Guide Review!
Review: Safari Summary
7 minutes

51. Reconstruction Amendments
FREE CITIZENS VOTE!
13th Amendment – banned slavery
14th Amendment – established citizenship
15th Amendment – can’t deny the vote based on race
ALL – guarantee equal protection under the law