1. The U.S. Constitution Test on Thursday, October 25, 2007

2. What is a constitution? A plan of government that describes the different parts of the government and their duties and powers.

3. U.S. Constitution Written in 1787 Became the law in 1788

4. The Articles of Confederation the first attempt to write a constitution for the U.S. Look at the timeline on page 53 in “We the People” drafted or written in __________ ratified or approved in _________

5. The Articles of Confederation the first attempt to write a constitution for the U.S. List the two problems that made it difficult to write and accept the Articles of Confederation and the two solutions. Look at pages 55-58 in “We the People”

6. Articles of Confederation pages 55-58 in “We the People” Problem 1: Solution: Problem 2: Solution:

7. Articles of Confederation pages 55-58 Problem 1: Fear of a strong national government. Solution: Create a weak national government. Problem 2: Fear that some states would dominate others in the national government. Solution: Give each state one vote.

8. Articles of Confederation pages 55-58 What were the weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation? Weaknesses: 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. 5..

9. Articles of Confederation pages 55-58 in “We the People” Weaknesses: 1.No money and no power to get it. 2.No power over the state governments and their citizens. 3.Unenforceable trade agreements 4.Unfair competition among the states. 5.Threats to citizens’ right to property.

10. United States Constitution page 173 in textbook Three Parts- Preamble, Articles, Amendments 1. Preamble a. states the purpose of the Constitution b. begins with three words- ___ ____ ______ c. lists six goals of the Constitution 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

11. United States Constitution page 173 Three Parts- Preamble, Articles, Amendments 1. Preamble a. states the purpose of the Constitution b. begins with three words- We the People c. lists six goals of the Constitution 1. form a more perfect union 2. establish justice 3. insure domestic tranquility 4. provide for the common defense 5. promote the general welfare 6. secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity

12. 2. Articles a. There are ____ articles in the Constitution. b. describe the organization of the government c. include what the three branches of government are and do, how they interact with each other and how the federal and state governments split their duties

13. 3. Amendments (page 187) a. changes or additions to the Constitution b. How many are there? _____ c. How is an amendment added or ratified? ___ of the members of each house of Congress and ___ of the state legislatures

14. 3. Amendments (page 187) a. changes or additions to the Constitution b. How many are there? __27__ c. How is an amendment added or ratified? 2/3 of the members of each house of Congress and 3/4 of the state legislatures d. Bill of Rights  They are the first ____ amendments.  They describe the rights of the people.  They were added in the year 1791

15. Basic Facts of the Constitutional Convention pages 150-151 1.How many people attended the convention? 2.Where did it take place? 3.When did it happen? 4.Why did they gather? 5.Who is considered “the father of the Constitution”?

16. PRIMARY AUTHOR OF THE CONSTITUTION IS JAMES MADISON

18. What did each plan recommend? pages 65-67 Virginia Plan “big” states New Jersey Plan “little” states

19. What did each plan recommend? pages 65-67 Virginia Plan A strong national gov’t that could make and enforce its laws; collect taxes Federal system included national and state governments Three branches Two house legislature Number of reps depends on size of population or money New Jersey Plan Keep the Articles Congress would have only one house with the power to tax, trade, and have control over the states Three branches Equal representation of the states in Congress

20. The Legislative Branch, Congress, makes the laws. big states vs. little states Pages 68-70 1.What were the disagreements about representation? 2.What was the Great Compromise? 3.What powers did the Constitution give to Congress? 4.How can Congress “check” the other two branches of government?

21. The Legislative Branch, Congress, makes the laws. big states vs. little states 1.What were the disagreements about representation? The big states want to have more votes because they have more people; the small states want equal representation, so they are not overpowered by the big states. 2.What was the Great Compromise? 2.What was the Great Compromise? A two-house Congress The House of Representatives would be based on population and the Senate would have equal representation (Two senators from each state.) 3.What powers did the Constitution give to Congress? 3. What powers did the Constitution give to Congress? to lay and collect taxes, to pay debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare, to regulate commerce with other nations and among states, to declare war, to raise an army and navy, to coin money and to impeach officials 4. How can Congress “check” the other two branches of government? 4. How can Congress “check” the other two branches of government? Impeachment- executive and judicial branches

22. Powers pages 70-71 1.What is the “necessary and proper” clause? Congress has the power to make all other laws that are “necessary and proper”; also called the elastic clause. 2.What powers did the national government have?  Federal law is supreme.  Congress can organize and use state militias for national service.  Congress can create new states, guarantee each state is a republican form of government and protect the states from invasion or domestic violence.

23. Limits page 71 What limits were on the national government?  Cannot ban the slave trade before 1808  Cannot suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus except in emergencies  Cannot pass any ex post facto laws  Cannot pass any bills of attainder  Cannot tax anything exported from a state  Cannot take money from the treasury without a law  Cannot grant titles of nobility  Cannot punish descendants of people convicted of treason  Cannot require public officials to hold any particular religious beliefs; cannot make laws to set up a religion

24. Three Branches of Government 1. Legislative branch- makes the laws (page 69) includes the two houses of Congress a. the House of Representatives b. the Senate 2. Executive Branch- enforces the laws includes the President, Vice-President and the Cabinet (page 93) 3. Judicial Branch- interprets the laws includes the Supreme Court and U. S. courts (page 94)

25. Legislative Branch Name of the two housesHouse of Representatives Senate Total number of members Number of members from each state Requirements Length of term Number of times possible to be elected Presiding officer Portion elected every two years

26. Legislative Branch Name of the two housesHouse of Representatives Senate Total number of members (page 291) Number of members from each state (page 292) Requirements (page 91) Length of term (page 292) Number of times possible to be elected (page 292) Presiding officer ( page 297) Portion elected every two years

27. Legislative Branch Name of the two housesHouse of Representatives Senate Total number of members (page 291) 435 Number of members from each state (page 292) Requirements (page 91) Length of term (page 292) Number of times possible to be elected (page 292) Presiding officer ( page 297) Portion elected every two years

28. Legislative Branch Name of the two housesHouse of Representatives Senate Total number of members (page 291) 435100 Number of members from each state (page 292) Requirements (page 91) Length of term (page 292) Number of times possible to be elected (page 292) Presiding officer ( page 297) Portion elected every two years

29. Legislative Branch Name of the two housesHouse of Representatives Senate Total number of members (page 291) 435100 Number of members from each state (page 292) Requirements (page 91) Length of term (page 292) 2 years Number of times possible to be elected (page 292) Presiding officer ( page 297) Portion elected every two years

30. Legislative Branch Name of the two housesHouse of Representatives Senate Total number of members (page 291) 435100 Number of members from each state (page 292) Requirements (page 91) Length of term (page 292) 2 years6 years Number of times possible to be elected (page 292) Presiding officer ( page 297) Portion elected every two years

31. Legislative Branch Name of the two housesHouse of Representatives Senate Total number of members (page 291) 435100 Number of members from each state (page 292) Requirements (page 91) Length of term (page 292) 2 years6 years Number of times possible to be elected (page 292) unlimited Presiding officer ( page 297) Portion elected every two years

32. Legislative Branch Name of the two housesHouse of Representatives Senate Total number of members (page 291) 435100 Number of members from each state (page 292) depends on the population 2 Requirements (page 91) Length of term (page 292) 2 years6 years Number of times possible to be elected (page 292) unlimited Presiding officer ( page 297) Portion elected every two years

33. Legislative Branch Name of the two housesHouse of Representatives Senate Total number of members (page 291) 435100 Number of members from each state (page 292) depends on the population 2 Requirements (page 91) Length of term (page 292) 2 years6 years Number of times possible to be elected (page 292) unlimited Presiding officer ( page 297) Speaker of the House Portion elected every two years

34. Legislative Branch Name of the two houses House of Representatives Senate Total number of members 435100 Number of members from each state depends on the population 2 Requirements ( page 91) Length of term2 years6 years Number of times possible to be elected unlimited Presiding officerSpeaker of the House Vice-president, Pres pro tempore Portion elected every two years

35. Legislative Branch Name of the two houses House of Representatives Senate Total number of members 435100 Number of members from each state depends on the population 2 Requirements ( page 91) 25, 7 year citizen, live in the state 30, 9 year citizen, live in the state Length of term2 years6 years Number of times possible to be elected unlimited Presiding officerSpeaker of the House Vice-president, Pres pro tempore Portion elected every two years

36. Legislative Branch Name of the two houses House of Representatives Senate Total number of members 435100 Number of members from each state depends on the population 2 Requirements25, 7 year citizen, live in the state 30, 9 year citizen, live in the state Length of term2 years6 years Number of times possible to be elected unlimited Presiding officerSpeaker of the House Vice-president, Pres pro tempore Portion elected every two years all1/3

37. Senators from Illinois Barack Obama (D) Elected in 2006 Richard Durbin (D) Elected in 1996 and 2002

38. Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.

41. Congress shall meet at least once a year.

42. Judicial Branch page 329 How many justices are on the Supreme Court? What is the length of a term? What are the requirements? Who nominates the justices? Who approves the justices?

43. Judicial Branch page 329 How many justices are on the Supreme Court? 9 What is the length of a term? (page 335) What are the requirements? ( page 335) Who nominates the justices? (page 339) Who approves the justices? (page 339)

44. Judicial Branch page 329 How many justices are on the Supreme Court? 9 What is the length of a term? (page 335) life What are the requirements? ( page 335) Who nominates the justices? (page 339) Who approves the justices? (page 339)

45. Judicial Branch page 329 How many justices are on the Supreme Court? 9 What is the length of a term? (page 335) life What are the requirements? ( page 335) “good behavior” Who nominates the justices? (page 339) Who approves the justices? (page 339)

46. Judicial Branch page 329 How many justices are on the Supreme Court? 9 What is the length of a term? (page 335) life What are the requirements? ( page 335) “good behavior” Who nominates the justices? (page 339) the president Who approves the justices? (page 339)

47. Judicial Branch How many justices are on the Supreme Court? 9 What is the length of a term? life What are the requirements? “good behavior” Who appoints the justices? the president Who approves the justices? the Senate

48. Judicial Branch What is judicial review? the power of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of a law or treaty

49. U.S. Supreme Court

50. Executive Branch page 262 Who is the executive branch headed by? Length of term Number of times possible to be elected Maximum number of years possible in office Requirements Name for advisors Date term begins- Inauguration Day

51. Executive Branch page 262 Who is the executive branch headed by? the president Length of term (page 91) Number of times possible to be elected Maximum number of years possible in office Requirements Name for advisors Date term begins- Inauguration Day

52. Executive Branch page 262 Who is the executive branch headed by? the president Length of term (page 91) 4 years Number of times possible to be elected Maximum number of years possible in office Requirements (page 262) Name for advisors(page 268) Date term begins- Inauguration Day

53. Executive Branch page 262 Who is the executive branch headed by? the president Length of term (page 91) 4 years Number of times possible to be elected Maximum number of years possible in office Requirements (page 262)35 years old, natural born citizen, resident for 14 years Name for advisors(page 268) Date term begins- Inauguration Day

54. Executive Branch Who is the executive branch headed by? the president Length of term 4 years Number of times possible to be elected Maximum number of years possible in office Requirements35 years old, natural born citizen, resident for 14 years Name for advisors the Cabinet Date term begins- (page 247) Inauguration Day

55. Executive Branch Who is the executive branch headed by? the president Length of term 4 years Number of times possible to be elected (page 249) Maximum number of years possible in office (page 249) Requirements35 years old, natural born citizen, resident for 14 years Name for advisors the Cabinet Date term begins- (page 247) Inauguration Day January 20

56. Executive Branch Who is the executive branch headed by? the president Length of term 4 years Number of times possible to be elected (page 249) 2 times Maximum number of years possible in office (page 249) Requirements35 years old, natural born citizen, resident for 14 years Name for advisors the Cabinet Date term begins- (page 247) Inauguration Day January 20

57. Executive Branch Who is the executive branch headed by? the president Length of term 4 years Number of times possible to be elected 2 times Maximum number of years possible in office (page 249) 10 years Requirements35 years old, natural born citizen, resident for 14 years Name for advisors the Cabinet Date term begins- Inauguration Day January 20

58. Executive Branch Who is the executive branch headed by? the president Length of term 4 years Number of times possible to be elected 2 times Maximum number of years possible in office 10 years Requirements35 years old, natural born citizen, resident for 14 years Name for advisors the Cabinet Date term begins- Inauguration Day January 20

59. Executive Branch questions 1. What is a lame duck? (page 109) 2. In case of an emergency, who would be the new president? (page 250) 3. What is impeachment? (page 251) 4. Who has the power to impeach? 5. Who holds the trial? 6. Which two presidents have been impeached? 7. Which presidents have been removed from office after impeachment? 8. What is the head of each state called?

60. Executive Branch questions 1. What is a lame duck? A person who is still in office, but has not been re-elected. 2. In case of an emergency, who would be the new president? (page 250) 1. President 2. 3. 4. 5.

61. Executive Branch questions 1. What is a lame duck? A person who is still in office, but has not been re-elected. 2. In case of an emergency, who would be the new president? (page 250) 1. President 2. Vice-President 3. Speaker of the House 4. President pro tempore 5. Secretary of State

62. Executive Branch questions 3. What is impeachment? (page 251) 4. Who has the power to impeach? 5. Who holds the trial?

63. Executive Branch questions 3. What is impeachment? (page 251) to formally charge an official with a crime for which they can be removed from office 4. Who has the power to impeach? 5. Who holds the trial?

64. Executive Branch questions 3. What is impeachment? (page 251) to formally charge an official with a crime for which they can be removed from office 4. Who has the power to impeach? The House of Representatives 5. Who holds the trial? The Senate

65. Executive Branch questions 6. Which two presidents have been impeached? Bill Clinton and Andrew Johnson 7. Which presidents have been removed from office after impeachment? None 8. What is the head of each state called? governor

66. Elections page 234 The Electoral College elects the president and vice- president. Each state has a number of electors. The number of electors = the number of senators + the number of representatives. ALL electoral votes from each state goes to one candidate. If there is no majority of electoral votes, the House of Representatives elects the president.

67. Powers and Duties of the President page 258 Power to enforce or execute laws Is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces Appoints many officials (e.g. ambassadors) Power to make treaties Power to inform Congress about the State of the Union Is the legislative leader of the majority party (e.g. power to sign or veto laws) Grants pardons and reprieves Power to nominate federal judges Prepares the budget of the nation

68. The White House

69. Checks and Balances page 86 The system that balances the three branches of government, so no one person or group is able to dominate the others. Examples of checks: 1.on the judicial branch- the president appoints the federal judges and Congress approves them. Congress can also impeach them. 2.on the legislative branch- the president can veto laws. 3.on the executive branch- Congress can impeach the president. 4.on the executive and legislative branches- judicial review

70. Checks and Balances

71. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT STATE GOVERNMENTS BOTH CONCURRENT POWERS RESERVED POWERS - PROVIDE SCHOOLS - CONDUCT ELECTIONS DELEGATED POWERS - DECLARE WAR - PRINT MONEY - REGULATE BANKS - COLLECT TAXES - BUILD ROADS

73. Amendments page 13 Which one is the only one to be repealed? 18th- prohibition of alcohol What did the 17th amendment do? allowed U.S. senators to be elected by the people Which one ensured women’s suffrage? 19th

74. U.S. flag page 41 What is the proper way to dispose of a flag? burn it

75. Good luck!

76. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION PROBLEMS 1. STRONG STATES VS. STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT 2. LARGE STATES VS. SMALL STATES 3. NORTH VS SOUTH COMPROMISES 1. GREAT COMPROMISE 2. 3/5 COMPROMISE GOVERNMENT 1. FEDERAL SYSTEM 2. SEPARATION OF POWERS 3. CHECKS AND BALANCES