1. Lesson Aim To consider the evidence for the Big Bang theory

2. Evidence for the Big Bang The evidence for the Big Bang is circumstantial and is inferred from what we can observe today. Some is based on empirical evidence and some is theoretical.

3. Hence the title Big Bang Theory (Although there is a lot of evidence to support this theory)

5. The Evidence: Expanding Universe The Doppler Effect – if you’ve heard a fire engine (nee-naw, nee- naw) you notice the pitch of the noise changes. This is the Doppler Effect of sound waves contracting and stretching. A similar process happens with light.

6. Doppler Effect http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imoxDcn2Sg o&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imoxDcn2Sg o&feature=related

7. Edwin Hubble The Hubble telescope observed that the light coming from distant galaxies was all shifted towards the red light of the light spectrum.

8. This somehow enables scientists to identify the source of the light Think of it as light carrying a certain signature (Or an mp3 file creating info on when it was created) This is known as the cosmological red shift

9. This cosmological red shift implies an expanding universe – as light waves would have come from the same source and is expanding outwards away from the original source

10. Einstein A few years earlier Einstein argued that all systems in the Universe had a finite source of energy Energy in the Universe is not infinite therefore the Universe could not have existed for all eternity  The logical conclusion of this is that the Universe must have had some sort of beginning

11. Implications Everything in the Universe appeared to be expanding away from a central point so there must have been a starting off point (a beginning). Einstein’s theory of relativity supported this view.

13. Cosmic Background Radiation Think of a sparkler on Bonfire night. You light it and it gets very hot and also heats up whatever is around it. The Big Bang obviously created a huge amount of heat and this is still around today This heat is called cosmic background radiation

14. Cosmic Background Radiation Think of a sparkler on Bonfire night. You light it and it gets very hot and also heats up whatever is around it. The Big Bang obviously created a huge amount of heat and this is still around today This heat is called cosmic background radiation

15. Cosmic Background Radiation Back in 1965 astronomers picked up radio signals from the universe – a sort of background fuzz They identified this as cosmic background radiation This provides evidence that the Big Bang actually happened

16. Cosmic Background Radiation Back in 1965 astronomers picked up radio signals from the universe – a sort of background fuzz They identified this as cosmic background radiation This provides evidence that the Big Bang actually happened

18. Cooking a Universe Is it possible to eat a meal (without knowing the ingredients) and then guess what was in it and how it was made??

19. Cooking a Universe We can do something similar with the Big Bang There are 117 elements in the periodic table The amount of elements in the Universe points towards a Big Bang 90% of the elements are Hydrogen atoms – this is exactly what we would expect if the Universe had started with a Big Bang

20. Discussion Point If the Big Bang theory is correct, what might this mean for religious beliefs??? 6 minutes

21. “If the density of the universe one second after the Big Bang had been greater by one part in a thousand billion, the Universe would have recollapsed after 10 years. On the other hand, if the density of the Universe at that time had been less by the same amount, the Universe would have been essentially empty since it was about 10 years old. How was it that the initial density of the Universe was chosen so carefully?” Professor Steven Hawking

22. Now, read page 63 in the purple book and answer the questions.