1. General Management In Business I
Ass. Prof. Dr. Özgür KÖKALAN
İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim University

2. Chapter Objectives Define what management is
Describe managerial functions
Define the planning fuction that is the first managerial fuction
Chapter Objectives

3. Defination of Management
The process of coordinating organizational resources in an effective and efficient way in order to attain pre – set organizational objectives.
Management is also defined as getting things done through other people
The good definition of management as the attainment of organizational goals through other people in an effective and efficient way by planning, organizing, leading and controlling organizational resources

4. Manegement Attainment of Present Goals of The Company
Managing People
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Four Management Function:
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling

5. Managerial Functions
How do managers use resources to attain organizational goals? What is the process of management?

6. Management Functions Planning Controlling Organizing Leading Goals
Plans
Decision Making
Organizing
Division of Work
Chain of Command
Departmantization
Leading
Leadership
Motivation
communication
Controlling
Management Control System
Financial Control System

7. Planning
Determining the organizational objectives, and its ways and means to accomplish them.

8. Goals and Plans
Goals are the expected future state of the organization.
Goals characterictics
Goals should be spesific and measurable
Goals should cover the key areas of the organization
Goals should be challenging
Goals should define a time period
Goals should be linked to spesific rewards.

9. Top Management Middle Management Lower Management Strategic Goals
Strategic Plans
Tactical Goals
Tactical Plans
Operational Plans
Operational Goals

10. Strategic Goals
This kind of goals pertain to the organization as whole
There are the broad statements identifying where the organization expects to be and what it expects to achieve in the future.
Strategic goals do not involve departmental or divisional activities
To attain strategic goals, the organization defines the action steps that can be called as strategic plans.
Strategic goals are set by top managers.

11. Tactical Goals
Departments in the organizations have their own specific ends to achieve. These ends are called as tactical goals
Tactical goals are set by middle management to define what departments do to implement their tactical goals.

12. Operational Goals
Specific, measurable and short-term goals are called by operational goals.
This kind of goals are generally set by lower management, but sometimes set by work groups or individiuals.
Lower level management develops the operational plans to accomplish their operational goals.

13. Planning Process Implementing The Plans Preparing Compatible Subplans
Setting
The Goals
Identifying Future Possible Events
Identifying The Alternatives
Studying The Possible Alternatives
Choosing The Appropriate Alternatives
Preparing Compatible Subplans
Implementing The Plans

14. Types of Plans
Plans encompass the course of future action, according to different needs and objectives, one can be sure of many existing type of plan that vary in nature.
There are several classfication. These are;
According to time period
According to their use in the organization
According to their place in the organizational hierarchy

15. Types of Plan According to Their Time Horizon
The plans according to their time period can be classified into three common categories
Long range plans (Long - run plans)
5 or more years
Mediun range plans (Medium- run plans)
Short range plans (Short – run plans)

16. Types of Plans According To Their Use In The Organization
This type of planning can be classified into two categories:
Single use plans: Plans that are developed to accomplish organizational goals that are possibly not repeated in the future.
Standing plans: these are continuous that are prepared in the organizations in order to provide guidance for tasks that are performed repeatedly.

17. Types of Plans According To Their Place In The Organizational Hierarchy
There are three kinds of plans. These are
Strategic plans;
These plans are set by top managers to define action steps to attain the major strategic goals of the organization. They are prepared for period of 5 or more years
Tactical plans;
These plans are set by middle managers . These plans describe the things to be done in the specific department in the harmony with the organization’s overall plan.
Operational plans;
These plans are set by lower managers. These plans are so specific and measurable and they are done in the harmony with tactical and strategic plan. They are prepared for less than 1 year.

18. Decision Making
Decision making involves identifying the problems, opportunities and alternatives, choosing from available alternatives and resolving the problems.
Management decision can be classified into two categories.
Programmed Decision
This kind of decision are clear, well defined and structured . These decision can be applied repeatedly.
Unprogrammed Decision
They are made uniquely, in largely unstructured, and poor defined situation. These decisions can be made in situations usually with uncertainty

19. Decision Process
The decision making process begins by seeking to ask right question, continues by encouraging creative answers and ends by choosing the solution and measuring the outcome.

20. Develop Alternative Solution
Define Problem
Collect Data
Develop Alternative Solution
Assess
Conse-
quences
Select Optimum
Solution
Implement Solution
Measure Results