1. Creation of stable nanosystems – one of the ways for enhancing the lubricating oil quality. Cand. Sc. (Techn.) S.B. Borshchevsky Dr. Sc. (Techn.) Professor A.S. Medjibovsky www.npp-qualitet.ru

2. Improvement of the internal combustion engine design. 1.Modern engines are operating in the mode of high temperatures and mechanical loads with enhanced gas recirculation. 2.Diesel engine capacity increase by 30-40 %. 3.Forced sump ventilation. 4.Enhanced speed of running in the suburbs. 5.Increased number of stop and go’s within the city. 6.Increased duration of automobile operation under both high-temperature and low-temperature conditions. 7.Due to the change in the engine design new requirements are placed upon engine oils. 8.Considerably higher oil change rates in the internal combustion engines. 9.Enhanced detergent-dispersive and anticorrosion engine oil property requirements.

3. Energy -efficient oils. Fuel saving operation while using energy –efficient oil is achieved due to lower friction losses between the power train parts, in the crank-case bearings, in the gas distribution mechanism. The friction losses are reduced by means of: - Reduction of the oil viscosity in permissible range. - Introduction of polymer additives (temporary viscosity reduction occurs with increase in the shear rate gradient). - Introduction of a friction modifier into the oil formulation. Friction modifier. - Dispersion of oil soluble molybdenum sulfide (MoS 2 ), graphite, boron etc. compounds. - Oil-soluble molybdenum (e.g. PAF-4) compounds. - Nano-particles of boron compounds. Boron-containing additives stabilized by dispersing compounds have been produced. Result - fuel economy of 2,5 % and above.

4. Main trends in nanotechnologies in lubricants being developed by Qualitet company. 1.Creation of colloidally stable nano-dispersive Ca (Mg,K) carbonate systems by means of special metal oxide and hydroxide carbonation technologies. 2.Introduction of boron and molybdenum nanosystems into lubricating systems by means of maintaining them suspended using chemical compounds or surface-active agents in the size smaller than 50 nm. These systems exhibit enhanced antiwear, antifriction and antioxidation properties. 3.The exhaust gas recirculation causes formation of a great amount of carbon black-like particles. The introduced nano-dispersive boron- containing succinimides exhibiting higher dispersive antifriction and anticorrosion properties do not decompose under high temperatures; they are prohibiting clogging of the carbon-like particles facilitating their passing through the filter. The amount of low-temperature deposits is reduced. The oil system is maintained clean. A nano-dispersive system of carbon-like particles is formed.

5. High TBN detergent additives. Sulfonate (ArRSO 3 ) 2 Ca   CaCo 3  m Phenate (OC 6 H 4 RS n ) 2 Ca   CaCo 3  m Salicilate (HOC 6 H 4 COO) 2 Ca   CaCo 3  m

6. NPP Qualitet`s Sulfonate and alkyl phenol additives

7. Scheme of calcium sulfonate nano-dispersive micelle function (ArRSO 3 ) 2 Ca CaCo 3 NO x CO 2 SO 2 O2O2 CO 2 (ArRSO 3 ) 2 Ca CaCo 3 NO x CO 2 SO 2 O2O2 CO 2 Scheme of calcium sulfonate micelle function in the absence of nano-dispersive systems

8. Boron acid “Rose” Boron acid Crystal Lattice

9. Antiwear properties of oils with a nano-dispersive dithiophosphate additive. 1 2 3 К – friction coefficient

10. Antioxidation and anticorrosion properties of oils with a nano-dispersive boronated succinimide additive. SAE 30 CF-4 oil with a dispersive additive C-40 monobis succinimide K-51 monobis boronated succinimide Oxidation of temperature 200 0 С Passes oxidation 50 hrs.90 hrs. 1 2 3 К- friction coefficient

11. Scheme of nano-dispersive boronated and non- boronated succinimides function in used oil Carbon black Agglomerate The presence of a non-boronated succinimide Carbon black Carbon black The presence of a nano-dispersive boronated succinimide