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VostokVostok José M. Carcione (OGS, Italy)
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Location in Antarctica
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Model
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Seismic-reflection data
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Temperature profile Ts : - 55 C, at the surface Earth’s geothermal heat flux C: Thermal conductivity of ice h: Thickness of the ice sheet k: Thermal diffusivity of ice B: Mean annual accumulation of ice (2 cm/yr)
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Medium properties
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Reflection-transmission coefficients PP PS PP (T) Ice/water interface Water/sediment interface PP PS (T) PP (T)
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Snapshot
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Seismogram
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Ray tracing
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Plane-wave decomposition
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VSP
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AVA
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CROP (DEEP CRUST) José M. Carcione (OGS, Italy)
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Location of CROP-03
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CROP-03 - Onshore
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Wave equation Variable density Slowness surface Anisotropy index
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Exploding-reflector equation Impedance Reflection coefficient Source at each point of the interfaces
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Title random numbers von-Karman correlation function velocity field convolution
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Time integration
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CROP-03
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CROP-03 - Onshore
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Line drawing
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CROP 15 - Offshore
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Line drawing
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Ray tracing
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Interpretation
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Model for exploding-reflector experiments
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Title
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An exploding-reflector experiment
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Time section re-interpreted
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Final geological model
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Velocity variations
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Common-shot gather
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Near-offset seismogram
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Far-offset seismogram
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Stacked seismogram
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Migrated seismogram
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The offshore line
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Methodology 1.Line drawing to identify the interfaces. 2.Zero-offset ray tracing to generate a first version of the model in terms of seismic velocities. 3.Exploding reflectors to generate a geological model in terms of velocities and densities. Use relative amplitudes. 4.Interpreter refines the model including a-priori information, faults, etc. 5.Final check. Compute shot gathers, process and migrate.
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CO2 - rock physics José M. Carcione (OGS, Italy)
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CO2 and CH4 velocity and impedance
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Brine and oil velocity and impedance
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Brine-CO2 velocity and impedance
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Patchy saturation
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CO2-brine. Patchy saturation
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CO2-oil. Patchy saturation
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North-Sea model
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Utsira sandstone
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North-Sea model
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4D-time lapse simulation
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