1. Matter

2. What is matter?

3. Substance  A Substance is matter with the same composition.  Uniform and definite composition.  Cannot be broken into different substances through physical changes.

5.  An element is a substance with no chemical bonds.  Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, etc.  A compound is a substance with elements (atoms) that are chemically bonded together.  Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

8. Mixture  A Mixture is a combination of two or more substances where each substance retains its properties.  Physical changes can separate mixtures.  Tap water  Stainless steel  Gatorade  The atmosphere

9.  Homogeneous mixtures occur when the composition of the mixture is the same throughout the entire mixture.  Coffee and cream  Brass (copper and zinc)  Milk  Blood

12.  Heterogeneous Mixtures occur when different parts of the mixture are easily visible.  Sand and water  Pulp and Orange Juice  Salad dressing

14. Solutions  A homogeneous mixture between two or more substances when one substance dissolved into another substance.  The Solvent is present in the largest amount.  The Solute is present in the smaller amount and dissolves into the solvent.

16. Solution Examples  The atmosphere  Solvent: nitrogen  Solute: Oxygen, CO2, etc.  Salt Water  Solvent: water  Solute: salt

17.  Bronze  Solvent: copper  Solute: tin  Kool Aid  Solvent: water  Solute: Kool Aid (sugar, food coloring, etc.)

18. How much solute can dissolve?  A solution becomes saturated when no more solute can dissolve into the solvent.  A solution that has not reached the limit of solute is unsaturated.  The Amount of solute that can dissolve increases as the temperature increases.

20. Atoms  Atoms are the smallest particles of anything with matter.

21. Atomic Structure  Atoms are made of three main parts:  Protons are positively charged particles and are found in the nucleus of the atom.  Neutrons are neutrally (no charge) particles and are found in the nucleus of the atom.  Electrons are negatively charged particles and are found in a cloud like region surrounding the nucleus. (Constantly Moving).

23. Isotope  Atoms of the same element which contain different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.  Hydrogen atoms usually contain no neutrons, but some can have one or even two neutrons.

25. Ions  Atoms will gain or lose electrons, forming ions  Gaining an electron gives an atom a negative charge, known as a anion.  Losing an electron gives an an atom a negative charge, known as a cation.