1. America becomes a world power: imperialism

2. America becomes a world power
The Pressure to Expand
Chapter 10 section 1
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What factors led to the growth of imperialism around
the world?
2. In what ways did the United States begin to expand
its interests abroad in the late 1800s?
3. What arguments were made in favor of United States
expansion in the 1890s?
THE BIG IDEA
In the late 1800s, as European nations took over vast
areas in Africa and Asia, American leaders looked to
extend American influence abroad.

3. America becomes a world power
The Pressure to Expand
Chapter 10 section 1
KEY TERMS:
Imperialism
Nationalism
Annex
Monroe Doctrine (1820s)
Manifest Destiny
Monroe Doctrine (1870)
Banana Republics
The Naval Act of 1890
KEY PEOPLE:
Sec. of State William H. Seward
Commodore Matthew C. Perry
Minor C. Keith
Captain Alfred T. Mahan
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge &
Frederick Jackson Turner
Congregationalist minister
Josiah Strong & Senator Albert
J. Beveridge

4. Why Imperialism Developed
Military Factor
Growing navies need new naval
bases worldwide.
Economic Factor
Manufacturing nations need more
natural resources & markets.
Why Imperialism
Developed
Nationalist Factor
Nationalism drives countries to
compete for new colonies.
Humanitarian Factor
Westerners believe in spreading
Western ideas and Christianity.

5. European nations such as England, Spain, France, Russia, Portugal, Germany, and Belgium had already carved up Africa and large parts of Asia into colonies and "spheres of influence" by the late 1800s. To remain competitive, the United States reacted to European imperialism by looking for a way to secure its own economic future through a policy
of expansionism.

6. AFRICA WAS ALMOST COMPLETELY TAKEN OVER BY EUROPEAN NATIONS.

7. WHAT ASIA NATION WAS AN IMPERIALIST POWER? (JAPAN)

8. PACIFIC ISLANDS “UP FOR GRABS”
AFRICA, ASIA, PACIFIC ISLANDS, AREAS OF THE WORLD WHERE EUROPEANS WERE CONQUERING AND COLONIZING SINCE THE 1870'S. THIS IS WHERE THE US WOULD TAKE ITS FIRST ATTEMPT AT IMPERIALISM.
PACIFIC ISLANDS “UP FOR GRABS”

9. IMPERIALISM IN THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES
EUROPEAN EXAMPLE, REASON FOR CHANGE IN US OUTLOOK, DESIRE TO COMPETE WITH EUROPEAN NATIONS IN TAKING OVER AND COLONIZING OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD. WHICH NATIONS HAS THE MOST COLONIES
IMPERIALISM IN THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

10. Which countries were the most powerful based on this map alone?
Be sure to point out that England and France own the most territories and along with Germany, and Holland were among the most powerful countries in Europe in the late 19th century.
Which countries were the most powerful based on this map alone?

11. Definition and Examples
Traditional foreign policy
Definition of imperialism
Reasons and rationalizations for imperialism

12. TRADITIONAL UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY WAS ISOLATIONIST
FOREIGN ENTANGLEMENTS: GEORGE WASHINGTON IN 1796 CAUTIONED THE NATION TO STAY OUT OF WORLD (EUROPEAN) AFFAIRS AND NOT GET INVOLVED IN THEIR WARS.
“It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world”
FOREIGN ENTANGLEMENTS: GEORGE WASHINGTON IN 1796 CAUTIONED THE NATION TO STAY OUT OF WORLD (EUROPEAN) AFFAIRS AND NOT GET INVOLVED IN THEIR WARS. IT WAS US FOREIGN POLICY TO AVOID THESE ENTANGLEMENTS AFTER WW I. US POLICY.
PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON, 1796

13. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 defined United States foreign policy in the Americas for the rest of the nineteenth century and beyond. It declared that the United States had an interest in the Western Hemisphere and that European powers must not meddle in the affairs of any developing nations there. The United States was a young nation in 1823 and did not really have the power to back up the Monroe Doctrine. However, the policy was used to justify the sending of U.S. troops into Mexico in 1866 (to intimidate the French) and the purchase of Alaska in 1867.

14. The idea of manifest destiny gained popularity in the 1830s and 1840s
The idea of manifest destiny gained popularity in the 1830s and 1840s. (The term was coined in 1845 by newspaper columnist John L. O'Sullivan.) As people began settling the western territories, wresting control of the land from the original Native American inhabitants, many Americans came to believe that it was their nation's "manifest destiny" to possess all of the North American continent. Later in the century, this idea easily gave way to larger dreams of expanding America's influence around the world.

15. Most of the 19th century was spent exploring and settling the western frontier of the united states, this changed the perception of American boundaries
MENTION MANIFEST DESTINY AS A DRIVING FORCE IN AMERICANS CONQUERING THE CONTINENT.

16. “Manifest destiny” extended beyond the borders of the united states
U.S. overseas possessions

17. The Purchase of Alaska
Secretary of State
William H. Seward
$7.2 million

18. Commodore Perry arrived in Japan in 1853 and opened it for trade
Commodore Perry arrived in Japan in 1853 and opened it for trade. Japan realized that they must adopt some western ways or become a conquered nation. Scholars were sent abroad to study and within 50 years Japan was an industrial power.
United
States
United
States

19. DEFINITION OF IMPERIALISM
The policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political hegemony over other nations.
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.

20. As a team, Complete the t-chart below by listing the political, economic, social,
religious, humanitarian, and strategic arguments for and against imperialism.
Imperialists/Expansionists
Anti-Imperialists/Expansionists

21. Arguments for U.S. Expansion
Promoting Economic Growth
Overproduction of food and goods led to financial panics & depressions.
Workers & farmers convince business & political leaders that the U.S.
must secure new markets abroad.
Protecting American Security
Naval officers joined with business interests to convince Congress to
build modern steam-powered, steel-hulled ships to protect overseas
trade.
Alfred T. Mahan argued that the nation’s economic future hinged on
gaining new markets abroad. He believed the U.S. needed a powerful
navy to protect these markets from foreign rivals.
“He who controls the seas, controls the world.” A.T.Mahan

22. The united states became an imperialist power to gain more wealth
Year
Imports
Exports
1870
$300 Million
$350 Million
1875
$900 Million
$800 Million
1880
$1.22 Billion
$1.0 Billion
1889
1892
$1.2 Billion
$1.42 Billion
1899
1.3 Billion
1.35 Billion
1903
1.7 Billion
1.8 Billion
1914
1.6 Billion
2.8 Billion
THE UNITED STATES NEEDED NEW MARKETS TO EXPORT THE SURPLUS PRODUCTS OF ITS FARMS AND FACTORIES

23. COAL BURNING BATTLESHIP
ALFRED THAYER MAHAN
COALING STATION
THAYER MAHAN, HE WROTE THE INFLUENCE OF SEA POWER UPON HISTORY, , STATED THAT GREAT NATIONS WERE ALWAYS SEAFARING NATIONS WITH POWERFUL NAVIES, FROM THIS HE REASONED THE US NEEDED TO ACQUIRE COLONIES AROUND THE WORLD TO SERVICE AND PROTECT THEIR MERCHANT MARINE AND NAVY. COALING STATIONS WERE NEEDED TO REFUEL COAL BURNING WARSHIPS PROTECING MERCHANT SHIPPING.
Alfred T. Mahan, wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History , stated that great nations were always seafaring nations with powerful navies. From this he reasoned the US needed to acquire colonies around the world to service and protect their Merchant Marine and Navy. Coaling stations were needed to refuel coal burning warships protecting merchant shipping.

24. Arguments for U.S. Expansion
Preserving American Spirit
Statesmen feared that the U.S. was losing its vitality. They worried
that the closing of the frontier would sap the nation’s energy.
They argued that a quest for an empire might restore the country’s
pioneer spirit.
Racial Superiority
This was an age when many intellectuals believed that certain racial
and national groups were superior to others.
Leaders used the doctrine of social Darwinism to justify the takeover of
new territories.
For some leaders, the civilizations produced by Anglo-Saxon and
Teutonic (Germanic) peoples wee superior to the societies they conquered.
Social Darwinists believed that expansionism was not only this nation’s
destiny but also a noble pursuit, for it introduced Christianity & modern
civilization to other “heathen” peoples around the world.

25. SOCIAL DARWINISM
Based on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and the survival of the fittest but applied to society and politics. The wealthy are the strong and therefore have the right to rule the poor who are weak. The united states as a strong nation must dominate the weaker nations.
SOCIAL DARWININSM, RULE OF THE SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST, AMERICA, AS A FIT OR STRONG NATION, MUST DOMINATE THE WEAKER NATIONS OF THE PLANET. ESSENTIALLY IF YOUR ARE RICH AND POWERFUL YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO DOMINATE THE POOR AND WEAK.
ANGLO-SAXON, NAME FOR THE PEOPLE OF ENGLISH ANCESTRY, AMERICANS AS WELL AS BRITISH. AT THE TIME MANY IN THESE NATIONS BELIEVED THAT ANGLO-SAXONS WERE DESTINED TO DOMINATE THE WORLD DUE TO THEIR SUPERIOR RACE AND CULTURE.
philosopher Herbert Spencer who developed the theory of social Darwinism

26. Missionary zeal, the desire to convert “heathen, non-believers” led to people moving to “uncivilized” areas in hopes of helping natives