1. Ordeal of Reconstruction

2. All Confederate Leaders were eventually pardoned in 1868 by Andrew Johnson

3. Ordeal of Reconstruction Problems of Peace 1. Southern economy and social structure was destroyed

4. Ordeal of Reconstruction 2. Many white southerners still believed that secession was correct

5. Ordeal of Reconstruction 3.Emancipation was uneven in different parts of the southern confederacy that were conquered

6. Ordeal of Reconstruction For Blacks Emancipation allowed 1. look for lost family members

7. Ordeal of Reconstruction 2. right to get married 3. form their own churches 4. opportunity for education

8. Ordeal of Reconstruction As a result of Emancipation former slaves traveled to look for family members testing their freedom

9. Ordeal of Reconstruction From 1878 to 1880 some 25,000 blacks from Louisiana Texas and Mississippi left to seek opportunities in Kansas

10. Ordeal of Reconstruction Steamboat captains refused to transport blacks across the Mississippi thus ending the exodus

11. Ordeal of Reconstruction Freedman Bureau was created by Congress in March of 1865

12. Ordeal of Reconstruction It provided clothing medical care food and education to both free blacks and white refugees

13. Ordeal of Reconstruction The greatest achievement of the Freedman's bureau was the opportunity for education primarily teaching former slaves to read

14. Ordeal of Reconstruction Southerners rejected the Freedman bureau as a threat to their supremacy in the south

15. Ordeal of Reconstruction Andrew Johnson The Tailor President

16. Ordeal of Reconstruction Refused to secede with Tennessee Added to Lincoln ticket to appeal to War Democrats and pro-Union southerners

17. Ordeal of Reconstruction Strong Supporter of States rights and champion of poor whites

18. Ordeal of Reconstruction Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln stated 10% solution State could reenter the union if 10% of its voters in the 1860 election for President took an oath of allegiance to United States

19. Ordeal of Reconstruction Next a formal state government must be started and the state would be readmitted to union

20. Ordeal of Reconstruction This proposed reconstruction would lead to a rapid readmission of southern states to the union

21. Ordeal of Reconstruction Deep divide between Congress and the President Lincoln Wade-Davis bill in 1864

22. Ordeal of Reconstruction 50 % of voters take allegiance to the United States Stronger safeguards towards emancipation

23. Ordeal of Reconstruction Two factions Majority agreed with Lincoln Minority (radicals) felt south should suffer more

24. Ordeal of Reconstruction Wanted the social structure to be destroyed Emancipated blacks to be protected federally and to ratify 13 th Amendment

25. Ordeal of Reconstruction They also believed south were conquered territories and Congress would develop what terms were needed for readmission to union

26. Ordeal of Reconstruction 13 th Amendment to Constitution The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially outlaws slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. It was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, by the House on January 31, 1865, and adopted on December 6, 1865. On December 18, Secretary of StateWilliam H. Seward proclaimed it to have been adopted. It was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted after the American Civil War.United States Constitutionslaveryinvoluntary servitudeSecretary of StateWilliam H. SewardReconstruction AmendmentsAmerican Civil War

27. Ordeal of Reconstruction 15TH AMENDMENT AMENDMENT XV SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. SECTION 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

28. Ordeal of Reconstruction Johnson’s plan was similar to Lincoln's a quick restoration of Southern States after a few basic conditions were met

29. Ordeal of Reconstruction South answers to Emancipation were Black Codes to Ensure a stable and subservient labor force

30. Ordeal of Reconstruction Banned Jury duty for blacks and vote Could not rent land

31. Ordeal of Reconstruction Punishments for idleness Fines for blacks who jumped labor contracts Labor contracts were plantation owners would rent land

32. Ordeal of Reconstruction Called sharecroppers rent was so high that no profit was made by former slaves So they “jumped” the contract

33. Ordeal of Reconstruction Northern reaction was the south was arrogant and it seemed that the south would not acknowledge that the North won the war

34. Ordeal of Reconstruction Johnson and Congress Clash Johnson vetoed the extension of the Freemans Bureau

35. Ordeal of Reconstruction Civil Rights act of 1866 gave blacks rights of Citizenship

36. Ordeal of Reconstruction A dilemma for Republicans especially radicals that if blacks were now citizens the south could be more powerful in National politics

37. Ordeal of Reconstruction Fearing the south (if they got a majority in Congress) would repeal the Civil Rights Act of 1866

38. Ordeal of Reconstruction 14 th Amendment was passed 1. gave citizen rights to freeman 2. Assumed all debt of the south

39. Ordeal of Reconstruction 14 th Amendment All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

40. Ordeal of Reconstruction 3. disqualify from state and federal office Confederates who as federal office holders could not hold office again

41. Ordeal of Reconstruction 4. if denied blacks to vote the state would lose members of Congress

42. Ordeal of Reconstruction No state would be readmitted to union until the 14 th Amendment was passed Tennessee was the first southern state to ratify 14 th Amendment in 1866 and readdmitted

43. Ordeal of Reconstruction The chief argument between Congress and the President was Johnson soft treatment of the south

44. Ordeal of Reconstruction All republicans believed that blacks should have right to vote

45. Ordeal of Reconstruction On March 2, 1867 Congress passed the Reconstruction Act South is broken up in 5 military districts

46. Ordeal of Reconstruction

47. Each district commanded by a Union General

48. Ordeal of Reconstruction Also demanded that each state pass the 14 th Amendment State Constitution allow former male slaves the right to vote

49. Ordeal of Reconstruction A15th Amendment granted black men the right to vote

50. Ordeal of Reconstruction In 1877 the last Federal troops were removed thus reforming the Union.

51. Ordeal of Reconstruction IT DID NOT GRANT THE RIGHT TO VOTE TO WOMEN

52. Ordeal of Reconstruction Blacks united and participated in the Union League The union league helped:

53. Ordeal of Reconstruction 1. educated blacks on their civic duty 2. Campaign for Republican Candidates 3. Build black churches and schools

54. Ordeal of Reconstruction 4. recruiting militias and militants to protect black communities

55. Ordeal of Reconstruction Blacks in the south relied on the Union league to educate them on their civic duties

56. Ordeal of Reconstruction African American woman assumed new political roles 1. participating in church life

57. Ordeal of Reconstruction 2. monitoring state conventions 3. participating in political rallies 4. organizing mass meetings

58. Ordeal of Reconstruction But they could not vote

59. Ordeal of Reconstruction Two types of unsavory Characters out of Reconstruction Scalawags southerns plundering or stealing from southern states

60. Ordeal of Reconstruction Carpetbaggers Sleazy Northerners who came to south to seek power and profit from Reconstruction

61. Ordeal of Reconstruction Radical state governments passed legislations and reforms that were needed

62. Ordeal of Reconstruction However corruption in both North and South was common

63. Ordeal of Reconstruction KKK Ku Klux Klan Invisible Empire of the South

64. Ordeal of Reconstruction They could be described as a secret terrorist organization

65. Ordeal of Reconstruction KKK’s motives: 1. keep blacks in their place 2. prevent blacks from voting

66. Ordeal of Reconstruction 3. keep white “carpetbaggers” from voting 4. end radical reconstrution

67. Ordeal of Reconstruction They resented black legislators ability and sucess

68. Ordeal of Reconstruction The Force Acts and the union Army helped surpress the KKK but they were successful in using intimidation including lynching's beatings and murder

69. Ordeal of Reconstruction Johnson Impeachment Tenure Act of 167Senate must consent to any cabinet position removal

70. Ordeal of Reconstruction Secretary of War Stanton was dismissed by Johnson House Impeached Johnson and he went to trail in Senate

71. Ordeal of Reconstruction Failed to convict Johnson by 1 vote 2 reasons 1. poor precedent and politically motivated 2. hated his replacement more

72. Ordeal of Reconstruction In 1867 Secretary of State William Steward signed a treaty to purchase Alaska from Russia Stewards Folly

73. Ordeal of Reconstruction Real reasons Johnson was not convicted 1. abuse of Checks and balances

74. Ordeal of Reconstruction 2. concern about who would take over 3. creating a destabilizing period 4. Johnson agreed to stop obstructing Republican policies

75. Ordeal of Reconstruction Steward overcame opposition in Congress because Russia was a friend to the Union in Civil War

76. Ordeal of Reconstruction It was Johnson greatest success in foreign policy during his administration