1. NA61/SHINE overview Seweryn Kowalski for the NA61/SHINE Collaboration Institute of Physics University of Silesia

2. Table of contents  NA61/SHINE – few facts  NA61/SHINE physics program  Ion program  Data for Neutrino physics  Data for Cosmic-ray physics  The device  Current status and plans  Summary 17/12/2011Hucisko 2 Ion run – see Roman Płaneta presentation on Sunday

3. NA61/SHINE – few facts  Successor of NA49  Located at the CERN SPS (North Area, H2 beam line)  Fixed target experiment on primary (ions) and secondary (ions, hadrons) beams  Proposal November 2006, pilot run 2007, first physics run 2009  NA61 is the second largest non-LHC experiment at CERN  TPC read-out channels (181k) = 40% of ALICE TPC  139 physicists from 28 institutes and 15 countries 17/12/2011Hucisko 3

4. NA61/SHINE PHYSICS PROGRAM 17/12/2011Hucisko4

5. Ion program 17/12/2011Hucisko 5 criticalpoint critical point 1storderphasetransition 1st order phase transition

6. 2D scan (energy, system size) 17/12/2011Hucisko 6 Comprehensive scan in the whole SPS energy range (13A-158A GeV) with light and intermediate mass nuclei

7. Study of the onset of deconfinement  Statistical Model of the Early Stage (SMES)  1st order phase transition to QGP between top AGS and top SPS energies  Constant temperature and pressure in mixed phase  Number of internal degrees of freedom increases HG  QGP  Total entropy and total strangeness are the same before and after hadronization (cannot decrease QGP  HG)  Mass of strangeness carriers decreases HG  QGP (m , K,... > m s ) 17/12/2011Hucisko 7 “kink” “horn” “step” HG QGP HG QGP HG QGP mixed phase mixed phase Gaździcki, Gorenstein, Acta Phys. Polon. B30, 2705 (1999)

8. Study of the onset of deconfinement  NA49 evidence of deconfinement near 30A GeV  C. Alt et al., PRC77,024903 (2008)  Horn: decrease of strangeness carrier masses  Dale and Step: constant T and p in mixed phase  Hard to explain by statistical and dynamical models that do not include phase transition between HG and QGP 17/12/2011Hucisko 8 “dale” “horn” “step”

9. Study of the onset of deconfinement NA61/SHINE  Start of the 2D (energy/system size) scan of phase diagram 17/12/2011Hucisko 9 2015 2014 2011/12 13 20 30 40 80 158 Xe+La Be+Be Ar+Ca p+p 2009/10/11

10. Search for the critical point  Critical point of strongly interacting matter should be located in the SPS energy range  Theoretical calculation:  T CP = 162  2 MeV    CP = 360  40 MeV  Critical point should be searched in collisions with energy higher than energy of the onset of deconfinement (EOD ~ 30A GeV). 17/12/2011Hucisko 10 Fodor, Katz, JHEP 0404, 050 (2004) Alt et al., PRC77, 024903 (2008)

11. Search for the critical point NA61/SHINE  Search for the hill of fluctuations 17/12/2011Hucisko 11 2015 2014 2011/12 13 20 30 40 80 158 Xe+La Be+Be Ar+Ca p+p 2009/10/11 13

12. Scan of the phase diagram – world status 17/12/2011Hucisko 12

13. Rapidity spectrum  - 17/12/2011Hucisko 13 F (GeV ½ ) 0 5 10 15 p+C → π - +X at 31 GeV/c NA61 p+C results at the deconfinement onset energy confirm approximate proportionality of pion yield to the mean number of wounded nucleons PR C77,024903 (2008)

14. Transverse mass spectrum of  - 17/12/2011Hucisko 14 Shape of transverse mass spectra is different in p+C and Pb+Pb collisions at 31 GeV/c due to presence of transverse flow in the latter reactions p+C → π - +X at 31 GeV/c

15.  and  0 s measurement in p+C at 31 GeV 17/12/2011Hucisko 15 Invariant mass [GeV/c²] 0S0S 0.4 < p T < 0.6 GeV/c -1.25 < y < 1 p T < 0.2 GeV/c 1 < y < 1.5

16. Neutrino physics  Precision measurements of hadron production for the prediction of -fluxes at T2K 17/12/2011Hucisko 16

17. Analysis for T2K  pion spectra in p+C interactions at 31 GeV/c are published Phys. Rev. C84 (2011) 034604  they are used to improve beam neutrino flux predictions  adjust models (UrQMD 1107.0374, Fritiof 1109.6768) used in neutrino and cosmic-ray experiments 17/12/2011Hucisko 17

18. Measuring cosmic-ray composition  Measurement of particle production spectra  Special ’cosmic runs’:  −-C at 158 and 350 GeV/c  p-C at 31 GeV/c  p-p scan from 13 to 158 GeV/c 17/12/2011Hucisko 18 m production related to hadronic interactions at fixed-target energies Modern detector installations: high statistics/quality data Strong model dependence: due mainly to simulation of m production Indirect measurement (extensive air showers): simulations needed Cosmic ray composition of central importance for understanding sources, kink, ankle...

19. THE DEVICE 17/12/2011Hucisko19

20. NA61/SHINE  2007: forward ToF wall constructed (ToF acceptance extend to p ≈ 1 GeV/c)  2008: TPC read-out (increase of event rate by factor of 10 in comparison to NA49) 17/12/2011Hucisko 20 Upgrades completed for the 2011 - Projectile Spectator Detector (PSD), - Z-detectors - A-detector - Low Momentum Particle Detector (LMPD) - He beam pipes ))

21. Projectile Spectator Detector  Measurement of the energy of projectile spectators  Features:  High energy resolution  High granularity  60 Lead/Scintillator sandwich  Modular design – transverse uniformity of resolution, flexible geometry, simplicity. 17/12/2011Hucisko 21 σ(E)/E = 56%/√E(GeV) + 2%

22. Z-detectors  Measure charge of ions in secondary ion beams 17/12/2011Hucisko 22 Secondary beam Be/all = 11.2%

23. A-detector  Measures mass (TOF, 140 m) of ions in secondary ion beams 17/12/2011Hucisko 23 11 C 12 C σ (tof)  100 ps

24. Low Momentum Particle Detector  Measures low momentum protons (“target spectators”)  Two small size TPCs with 4 absorber and 5 detection layers each 17/12/2011Hucisko 24

25. He beam pipes  Reduces number of δ-electrons and beam/spectator interactions in VTPC 17/12/2011Hucisko 25

26. Device performance Acceptance » 50% at p T 2.5 GeV/c Extended ToF acceptance at low momenta (» 1 GeV/c) TOF-L/R: s(t) » 60 ps ToF-F: s(t) » 120 ps High detector efficiency > 95% Event rate: 70 events/sec 17/12/2011Hucisko 26

27. Software  The ''old'' software upgrades  The Shine software development  port the legacy multi-language, multi-process reconstruction chain to a single process C++ code, with significant reuse of the working parts of the legacy chain,  introduce a new, ROOT-based, event data model,  use the C++ framework based of the Offline software of the Pierre Auger Observatory.  The software virtualization 17/12/2011Hucisko 27

28. NA61/SHINE data taking program 17/12/2011Hucisko 28 13 20 30 40 80 158 Xe+La energy (A GeV) Pb+Pb Be+Be Ar+Ca NA61 ion program p+p p+Pb NA49 (1996-2002) 2009/10/11 2010/11/12 2014 2012/14 2015 p+p 158 TT STAR (2008-11) Au+Au T – test of secondary ion beams

29. The collaboration 17/12/2011Hucisko 29 KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary The Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, German Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland Fachhochschule Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland University of Athens, Athens, Greece ETH, Zurich, Switzerland University of California, Irvine, USA University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia State University of New York, Stony Brook, USA LPNHE, University of Paris VI and VII, Paris, France National Center for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia Institute for Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK, Tsukuba, Japan Laboratory of Astroparticle Physics, University Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia

30. Summary  NA61/SHINE ion program explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter  NA61/SHINE gives unique opportunity to discover the critical point of strongly interacting matter and study properties of the onset of deconfinement  NA61/SHINE performs precision measurements for neutrino (T2K) and cosmic-ray (PAO) physics  NA61/SHINE is complemented by other international projects: CBM at SIS (FAIR GSI), MPD at NICA (JINR), STAR and PHENIX at RHIC (BNL) 17/12/2011Hucisko 30