1. STOPPING DISTANCES REACTION TIME = time for a driver to react Meanwhile the car covers a “ THINKING DISTANCE” OVERALL STOPPING DISTANCE = THINKING DISTANCE + BRAKING DISTANCE

2. The overall stopping distance increases when: the thinking distance increases: * the driver has a slower reaction time, { eg from drugs, tiredness, alcohol, poor visibility}

3. Also the overall stopping distance increases when: the braking distance increases: i) there is rain, ice, fog stones, ii) Poor brakes or tyres. iii) the car’s speed & mass increase, Then the car needs; a bigger braking force or a longer distance to stop

4. From: Force = Mass X acceleration The braking force needed to stop a vehicle in a certain distance depends on : i ) the car’s speed ( the deceleration must increase) ii) the mass of the car ( e.g. when carrying more people) OVERALL STOPPING DISTANCE = THINKING DISTANCE + BRAKING DISTANCE SUMMARY