1. 1 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 1/15SAFESPOTSAFESPOT Fabien Bonnefoi, Francesco Bellotti, Tobias Schendzielorz 1*.Cofiroute, France, 6 à 10 rue Troyon 92316 Sèvres, tel: +33 1 41 14 71 52, fabien.bonnefoi@cofiroute.fr 2. Dept of Electronics and Biophysical Engineering, University of Genoa, Italy 3. Dept. of Traffic Engineering and Control, Technische Universität München, Germany « FROM USER NEEDS TO APPLICATIONS: THE SAFESPOT APPROACH BASED ON ROAD ACCIDENT DATA ANALYSIS »

2. 2 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 2/15 The SAFESPOT IP Project of the European Commission Information Society and media Cooperative system /Communication V2V and V2I 8 Sps and 51 partners from all domains… « By combining data from vehicle and road-side sensors, the SAFESPOT applications will allow an extension of the time in which a potential accident is detected(…). »

3. 3 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 3/15 COSSIB and WP2 SP5 – COSSIB Cooperative system Infrastructure based Applicative Sub Project COFIROUTE = SP5 leader + WP2 leader Planning: Five main steps (WP) WP2 User need and requirement analysis WP3 Specifications and Simulation WP4 Development and prototype WP5/6 Field Test/Evaluation Cofiroute PEEK ANAS Centro Ricerche Fiat Conseil Général Côtes d’Armor Daimler Chrysler DIBE LCPC Lacroix Trafic Mizar München University Renault SIEMENS Sodit TNO

4. 4 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 4/15 COSSIB

5. 5 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 5/15 Objective and Method WP5.2 Objective: « Define clearly the needs and requirements of infrastructure-based safety systems within the context of the overall SAFESPOT project.» WP5.2 Method:

6. 6 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 6/15 Data Analysis 1st analysis: European data (Complete but coarse grain) –Eurostat –Database CARE – EACS –Project SAFETY NET Rankers PENDANT Type of results: Indicators Vs Classification AccidentsInjuryDeathRisk level 1 Mortality index 2 1 st Urban – 75%70%55%0.57 – 1.1018.7% 2 nd Rural – 20%20%35%0.43 4,6% 3 rd Motorway – 5%10% 0.061.4% Urban Rural Motorway 1 (death per million vehicles/km) 2 (percentage of lethal accidents in the total number of accidents)

7. 7 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 7/15 Data analysis by areas Type of Accident # with bodily injury # fatal accidents % with bodily injury % fatal accidents Accident caused by turning into a road6096021227%15% Accident between vehicles moving along in carriageway 4669810321%7% Accident caused by turning off the road3547412816%9% Other accident2671019012%13% Driving accident2550736611%25% Accident caused by crossing the road195114229%29% Accident involving stationary vehicles8454184%1% Detailed data from countries / regions or cities (related to partners and test sites) Specific papers, ex: road departure or Intersection Sources (examples): - Italy and the city of Turin - French motorways and rural roads of the Brittany province - Urban areas in Germany, and from the Netherlands. Causes of accidentsUrban Roads% Driving in distracted or erratic fashion30 64920 Vehicle not respecting safety distance22 70315 Exceeding speed limit21 78014 Making an irregular manoeuvre14 0119 Failure to give priority13 5949 Failure to stop at stop sign13 1409 Failure to give priority to vehicle from right13 5939 Turning in an irregular way7 1865 Overtaking in irregular way4 9843 Proceeding in wrong direction4 9243 Pedestrian run over on zebra crossing5 0043 Avoiding another vehicle2 2281 Vehicle stopped without any stop sign shown1440 Avoiding an animal3320 Insufficient headlights550 TOTAL accidents due to driving behaviour154 327100 Urban roadsTOTAL Accid. Death sInjuredAccid. Death s Injure d Fine 135.6701.779179.754172.4714.0674.566 Rain 18.40623526.21326.327663810 Fog 757141.0811.4025689 Snow 51177589171830 Hail 5417711551 Wind 18652503041213 Other 14.30926919.41223.017804792 Total 169.8932.310227.545224.5535.6256.301

8. 8 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 8/15 Safety related scenarios NB: Factors not always considered as main cause (cf Excessive Speed vs Priority) NameSpeed and dangerous driving TypeWrong speed, dangerous driving42% Aggravating factorSpeed LocationHighway Extension 1 Typeexcessive speed19% Extension 2 Typeovertaking12% Extension 3 Typewrong speed with traffic condition5,9% Extension 4 Typewrong speed with weather condition3,4% Extension 4 Typeinsufficient safety distance1,7% General scenarios: 8 Special black spot scenarios: 5 By areas (total):15

9. 9 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 9/15 24 use cases classified by categories Example: Use cases

10. 10 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 10/15 Use cases Detailed use cases –Purpose –Rational –Risk sources –Successful end conditions –Failed end conditions –Trigger –Frequency of occurrence –Scenario description (step1,step2, etc.) –Extensions –Related User Needs –Related Requirements –Related use cases –Open issue –Comments

11. 11 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 11/15 SP5 Applications INITIAL LIST OF APPLICATIONS (Technical Annex) FINAL LIST OF APPLICATIONS Speed alert and road departure prevention Speed Alert – SpA Smart signalling for safety enhancement Road Departure Prevention – RDep Safety margin for Assistance and emergency vehicles Safety Margin for Assistance and Emergency Vehicles – SMAEV Safe urban intersectionCo-operative Intersection Collision Prevention System – CICPS Hazard and incident warningHazard and Incident Warning – H&IW

12. 12 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 12/15 Potential Impact Based on the Safety related scenarios Gives Percentage of accidents or situations that are covered by each application Road departure prevention Scope: Accident causes: All causes where a road departure can be the main or an aggravating factor and where the application speed alert is not strongly relevant. Related Use cases: -Obstacles : SP5_UC16 -Misjudgement : SP5_UC21 -Rule violation: SP5_UC32 -Critical environment conditions : SP5_UC41, SP5_UC42, SP5_UC45 -Safety improving driver assistance : Potential impact (The Road Departure application will impact on all the 3 main environments) Urban area Scenario : Driver’s lack of vigilance - leaving the carriageway: 20% Supposing a 100% reliable system working on all the cars, then we could expect that the Road Departure application would cover around 20% of the German urban lethal accidents. Rural area The French data analysis on rural roads reports that between 30% and 40% of the accidents are of “Run-off road” type. These figures give an idea of the potential impact of a 100% reliable SAFESPOT system working on all the cars and in all the areas. Motorway Scenario : Driver’s lack of vigilance - Veer of the lane 25% A 100% reliable SAFESPOT system should be able to manage about 25% of road departure accidents in Italian and French motorways.

13. 13 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 13/15 Application and use cases priority Rule violationUse case Name Related application Safety Critical Scenario URBANRURALMOTORWAYTOTAL SP5_UC31 Safe signalized intersection (red light violation) Safe urban intersection Intersection black spot 6511 SP5_UC32 Prevention of Driver Excessive Speed Speed alert / Road Departure Rule violation / Road departure / Drowsiness / 8917 SP5_UC33 Right of way (stop sign), not signalized roads Safe urban intersection Priority / Stop signs 87217 SP5_UC34 Ghost drivers (wrong way driving) Speed alert, Hazard and incident warning Wrong way driving 47 (S) 11

14. 14 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 14/15 Test sites and evaluation Evaluation of -Level of detection on real condition -Driver response to the system Numerous test site around Europe - cities - rural roads - motorways - bridge and tunnels

15. 15 From user needs to applications: the Safespot approach based on road accident data analysis 6th European congress on ITS, Aalborg 2007 15/15 THE END Thank you for your attention ! Questions ?