1. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 1 Digital Cinema Standards Dave Bancroft Thomson Broadcast & Media Solutions IBC 2003 THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions

2. 2 Digital Cinema Standards Questions deserving answers 1.What is “digital cinema”? 2.Why are standards needed? 3.Who are the players in the game and what are they up to?

3. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 3 What is Digital Cinema? Conventional Cinema Conventional Cinematography Laboratory Services (photo-chemical production)

4. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 4 Laboratory Services (photo-chemical production) Conventional Cinema What is Digital Cinema? Conventional Cinematography Digital Motion Picture Production Film Rec Film Scan Digital Cinematography Digital Cinema

5. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 5 Conventional Cinema What is Digital Cinema? Conventional Cinematography Digital Cinematography Digital Motion Picture Production Film Rec Film Scan Digital Cinema

6. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 6 What is Digital Cinema? Digital Cinematography Digital Motion Picture Production Digital Cinema

7. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 7 What is Digital Cinema? Digital Cinematography Digital Motion Picture Production Digital Cinema

8. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 8 Conventional Cinema What is Digital Cinema? Conventional Cinematography Digital Cinematography Digital Cinema (distribution/ exhibition) Digital Motion Picture Production Film Scan Film Rec Digital Motion Picture Production

9. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 9 Why are standards needed? 35 mm release print precedent –single standard - worldwide compatibility –unlike television ! “worldwide digital 35 mm release print” ? –please, no 50Hz / 60Hz divide ! –please, no 23.976 Hz or 59.94 Hz –please, no drop frame!

10. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 10 Who are the players? Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) - DC28 committee –due process standards-creation forum Digital Cinema Initiative (DCI) –user input to standards process European Digital Cinema Forum (EDCF) –user input to standards process –content & distribution alternatives others?

11. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 11 What are they doing? SMPTE DC28 ? DCI EDCF user requirements

12. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 12 SMPTE DC28

13. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 13 What is SMPTE Digital Cinema? Digital Source Master (DSM) Conventional Cinema Conventional Cinematography Digital Cinematography Digital Cinema (distribution/ exhibition) Digital Motion Picture Production Film Rec Film Scan Digital Motion Picture Production Digital Cinema Distribution Master (DCDM)

14. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 14 What is SMPTE Digital Cinema? Digital Cinema (distribution/ exhibition) Digital Cinema Distribution Master (DCDM) Conventional on Picture

15. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 15 What is SMPTE Digital Cinema? Digital Cinema (distribution/ exhibition) Digital Cinema Distribution Master (DCDM) Conventional on Picture DistributionExhibition

16. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 16 What is SMPTE Digital Cinema? DistributionExhibitionMastering DCDM

17. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 17 First-Round DC28 Work DistributionExhibitionMastering DCDM Compression Encryption Transport Audio Theater Systems Projection Colorimetry Packaging (DTIM)

18. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 18 1st Round - DTIM versus DCDM DTIM (digital theater interim master): –1920 x 1080 –4:2:2 –1.85:1 and 2.4:1 aspect ratios –“wide” colour space –24p only (maybe 23.98p for post compatibility) DCDM (Digital Cinema Distribution Master) –“embracing image parameters extending well beyond HD”

19. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 19 SMPTE DC28 Redux

20. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 20 Distribution DC28.20 Exhibition DC28.30 Mastering DC28.10 DCDM Compression Encryption Transport Audio Theater Systems Projection Overview Ad Hoc Group (DTIM) DSM DSM DCDM Subtitling Sub-pictures Audio mastering Colour Image Encoding DTIM DCDM-1 Sub-picture Timed Text Encryption Packaging Segmentation Key Management Link Encryption Projector Interface Proj. Measurement Proj. Luminance ad hoc groups working groups DC28 Technology Committee

21. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 21 DTIM For field trials, demos Unification of techniques to allow “apples for apples” comparisons NOT intended for the actual D-Cinema rollout

22. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 22 DCDM Digital Cinema Distribution Master

23. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 23 DCDM-1 Container Common container principle Accommodating different aspect ratios - examples active pixels

24. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 24 2:1 DCDM-1 Container 1.85 2.39 Storaro 2:1

25. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 25 DCDM-1 Colorimetry Wide colour gamut encoding/exchange primaries Encoding Primaries xy X1.00000.0000 Y 1.0000 Z0.00000.000 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 0.200.400.60 0.80 1.00 x y X Y Z “gamut container” Coding Code value = 4095*([L/P] 1/2.6 ) (12 bits per component) L = luminance value P = peak luminance gamut of some real display

26. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 26 What are they doing? SMPTE DC28 ? user requirements DCI EDCF DCI

27. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 27 Digital Cinema Initiative (DCI) Represents studio input to SMPTE DC28 process –DCI specification V2.0 (available on request) –further versions in pipeline Seven Hollywood studios: –Disney –Fox –MGM –Paramount –Sony –Universal –Warner Bros –input from other parties Content type - first run major feature movies

28. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 28 DCI Work Items Resolution, colour space, other image issues Image compression Audio issues –more channels –accessibility options Security issues Desire for MXF-compliant packaging –current SMPTE DC28.20 ballots

29. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 29 Example - DCI Image Compression Test different algorithms, various source types –ASC film tests 35mm 65mm –separate digital cinematography test –CG content test Open to anyone who wants to participate

30. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 30 EDCF SMPTE DC28 ? user requirements DCI EDCF

31. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 31 EDCF Technical Module (EDCF-T) Commercial Module Content Module Technical Module (EDCF-T) Commercial Module Content Module

32. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 32 EDCF-T General remit: –collect and consolidate user inputs to formal standards bodies –cover additional areas alternative content alternative screening conditions and venues

33. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 33 EDCF-T Service Levels Multiple levels –present day TV up to SMPTE D-Cinema level –come to the EDCF-T meeting IBC Conference Room O, Tuesday morning 0930 !

34. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 34 EDCF SMPTE DC28 ? user requirements DCI EDCF alternative content, alternative venues first-run major features

35. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 35 Others? SMPTE DC28 ? user requirements DCI EDCF

36. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 36 Conclusion Standardisation must embrace widely varying requirements of users –first-run major features/large-scale venues –alternative content/alternative venues Partial, not total, congruence between European and North American perspectives Major effort in SMPTE, with user input from DCI, EDCF and many others

37. THOMSON Broadcast & Media Solutions 37 Participation SMPTE - http://www.smpte.org –sign up as a participant or observer physical or electronic participation –next meetings: Encino (LA) October 7-8 EDCF – –come to meeting tomorrow - 09:30 Room O !