1. Susan Pojer / Pamela K. Montague

2. Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism Martin Luther – Bible alone is source of God’s word John Calvin / Calvinism –Dominant theology in ALL colonies –Humans weak & wicked due to original sin –Predestination on eternal salvation – only the chosen –Good works CANNOT save the damned –Christ died to save only the chosen Anglicans didn’t advocate ARMINIANISM (good works buys a ticket to heaven) – it’s heresy- but suggested good works might get favor with God Fear of James I –Married to a Catholic –No advances under him for Protestantism except King James version of Bible

3. Pilgrims? vs. Puritans? What’s the difference? How are Pilgrims the “purest Puritans?”

4. The Pilgrims Separatists who thought only “visible saints” should get church membership 1608 migrated to Holland (N etherlands) but… joint-stock companyForm joint-stock company & migrate to America in 1620 –100 people/35 are Pilgrims - on Mayflower; 66 days –Headed to Hudson River but …. Landed north of their destination at Cape Cod Bay and stayed

5. The Mayflower Compact November 11, 1620 WHY did the Pilgrims draw it up? –Entered into because Pilgrims were outside control of Virginia Co. Early example that society should be based on rules set by its own members TOWN MEETINGS –a defining characteristic of New England –Based on majority rule –Select Governor

6. William Bradford “Of Plymouth Plantation” Plymouth will eventually merge with MA Bay colony (Puritans) in 1691 – becomes MA Elected 30 times!

7. Tisquantum a/k/a SQUANTO Knew English; had traveled to England but tried to return (with John Smith) in 1614 Kidnapped by another Englishman attempting to sell him into slavery in Spain; rescued by monks Finally made his way back to England & then America in 1619 Helped Pilgrims survive after 1 st hard winter (where over half died) by teaching them to cultivate maize

8. THE FIRST THANKSGIVING October, 1621 National Holiday by 1942

9. Presidential Turkey Pardons

10. Puritan Migration Great Migration, 1620-1650 1629 Charles I dismissed Parliament & allowed persecution of Puritans Great MigrationApprox. 70,000 Puritans left England during the Great Migration –1620-1650 –Most went to West Indies –Other to: –10,000 in MA by 1640

11. Massachusetts Bay Colony Royal charter from MA Bay Company Approx. 1,000 to Boston in 1630 family unitsCome in family units General Court how is membership limited?Create elected legislature – General Court – how is membership limited? –Limited to –What do they see as the purpose of government? –So what type of gov’t is it?

12. Prepare a CAPPS Analysis of this document:

13. John Winthrop “We shall be as a city on a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us...” Governor of Massachusetts Social experiment to create a utopian community –To be a beacon to humanity; believed they have covenant w/God to build a holy society that would be a model for all mankind –God is found in scriptures & a strong work ethic Puritans later =

14. Puritan “Rebels” Roger Williams “Liberty of Conscience” Roger Williams “Liberty of Conscience” Anne Hutchinson “Antinomianism” Anne Hutchinson “Antinomianism” Why does he become unpopular with his Salem congregation? With landowners? Where does he go? Will found a Baptist church What is antinomianism? What ultimately happens to her?

15. Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire RHODE ISLAND “SEWER” of the colonies –Individualistic / Independent…. like…..? –Roger Williams – sep. of church and state –Complete freedom of religion – Catholics & Jews/first Baptists here –No oaths, no … –Universal manhood suffrage – meaning? (later, require property) CONNECTICUT –Founder is Rev. Thomas Hooker –1 st written Constitution – the … –Many Boston Puritans NEW HAMPSHIRE/MAINE –Settled for fishing, trading –Maine gets absorbed by MA Bay Colony –NH becomes royal colony by 1679

16. The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637 The more English that arrive & push inland, the less peace there is with the Indians. Why significant?

17. A Pequot Village Destroyed, 1637 Colonists & their Narragansett allies slaughter the Pequots in Mystic village. Set fire to their wigwams & then shot them as they fled.

18. NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION Formed by _________________, 1643 –MA Bay, Plymouth & Connecticut (“Puritan Club”) Purpose? –Not getting much assistance from England … civil war Significance?Significance? Broken up by Charles II in 1684 –Took charter away from MA Bay colony

19. King Phillip’s War 1675-1676 New England Confederation effort against him New England Confederation effort against him Significance? Significance? Metacom What happened to him? METACOM (King Phillip) forms Indian alliance and launches vicious attacks on the colonies - 52 Puritan towns attacked & 12 entirely destroyed.

20. D0MINION OF NEW ENGLAND Imposed by? –Joined which colonies? Sir Edmund Andros – openly pro-Anglican Purpose? Result? Andros taxed w/o consent; no town meetings allowed Glorious Revolution (William & Mary, 1688) brings end to it MA loses charter – royal colony –Who votes in MA now? SALUTARY NEGLECTSALUTARY NEGLECT sets in! What is it?

21. Population of the New England Colonies

22. Characteristics of New England Settlements Diversified economy –encouraged by climate…..how? Low mortality  average life expectancy was 70 years of age. Lack of diversity - ENGLISH Emigrated in family units Many extended families. Average 6 children per family. Average age at marriage: Women – 22 years old; Men – 27 years old. Puritan Work Ethic!

23. Puritan Values & Beliefs One could lead a Godly life and still profit financially. God dictated the Bible as a complete guide to life _______________ was central to understanding the Bible and conducting business. Individual Christians could communicate with God directly through their consciences. The rich had an obligation to ______________and that the poor had an obligation to obey. ________________was part of the natural order and divinely ordained. Work!! Idleness was a sin. “American Identity?” from the Puritans:

24. Population Comparisons: New England v. the Chesapeake Why is life expectancy so high in New England? What does the graph reflect about life expectancy in America and England?

25. Land Division in Sudbury, MA: 1639-1656 Tightly knit, planned communities What is the political defining characteristic of New England gov’t? What type of democracy? Had meeting house for town meetings/church & a village green surrounded by houses Land for firewood, pasture and crops was distributed to all the residents All people are close to town & come to meetings

26. Patriarchy Authoritarian male father figures controlled each household. Patriarchal ministers & judges controlled church congregations and households. Women subordinate; can’t inherit land – limited to domestic sphere; children to be seen, but not heard & emulate adults. Families allowed to discipline each other’s children … to make sure punishment was harsh enough. “Blue Laws” enforced. (things not allowed–usually on Sun.)

27. Extremely important – WHY? 1647 MA School Law provided: Towns of over 50 … 1636, ________ College established Its purpose? EDUCATION

28. Disruptions in New England Society Declining religious zeal –Thriving economy was a major cause –Population dispersing away from town to outlying farms….outside control of church Led to Halfway Covenant, 1662 –Eased requirements for membership –Granted Result of Halfway Covenant:

31. New England Colonies, 1650