1. EDITING LOOKING AT MOVIES - PP. 296-335

2. WHAT IS EDITING?  The arrangement and assembly of footage, both picture and sound  Governs the relations between shots and between scenes  Helps control emphasis on person, setting, or object CUT vs. SPLICE (separate film) (join film)

3. WHAT IS THE KULESHOV EFFECT?  Rapid juxtaposition of shots to create a new meaning in viewer’s mind  Sequence: dead woman/actor/child/ actor/soup/ actor  actor got rave reviews even though it was the same shot each time  Principle developed from Russian Montage tradition Clip: Hitchcock explains

5. CONTINUITY EDITING  It’s also called “invisible” editing because it doesn’t call attention to itself  Creates seamless continuity in the establishment and resolution of a problem

6. CONTINUITY EDITING ENSURES THAT:  what happens on screen makes sense  action occupies central zone of screen  lighting is constant from shot to shot  time, space, and causality are continuous  graphic, rhythmic, spatial, and temporal relations are maintained  rhythm varies according to kinds of shots  screen direction remains continuousEx:  Edwin S. Porter (The Great Train Robbery)  D.W. Griffith (Birth of a Nation)

7. 180 DEGREE RULE Keeps viewer spatially oriented  action within a scene will advance along a straight line across the frame  camera will shoot consistently on one side of that actionCLIPS:  Silence of the Lambs  Wonderboys (breaks it)

9. DISCONTINUITY EDITING  More fragmented  Shots > scenes  Moments > real-time fluidity  Poetic expression > realistic interpretation  Conspicuous editing > “invisible” editing  Joining shot A and shot B to create a meaning not present in each shot alone  French New Wave filmmakers (1960’s) liked it CLIPS: Battleship Potemkin, Memento

11. THE EDITOR CREATES... The Piano  Spatial, temporal, and visual relationships between shots  The Piano Run Lola Run, Raiders of the Lost Ark  Rhythm  Run Lola Run, Raiders of the Lost Ark Psycho, Silence of the Lambs  Mood  Psycho, Silence of the Lambs  Ellipsis – omission between one thing and another Silence of the Lambs  Separation editing – cuts between 2 or more characters involved in actions at the same time  Silence of the Lambs Rushmore  Patterns  Rushmore The Birds  Slow disclosure – shots A to B to C gradually reveal elements of a scene  The Birds

13. CONVENTIONS OF EDITING  Establishing shot – a.k.a. cover shot or master  POV editing (The Godfather)  Cross-cutting – a.k.a. parallel montage (The Godfather)  Shot/Reverse shot - conversations (Breathless)  Jump cut – ellipsis caused by removal of film (Breathless)  Match cut- General term for cut that creates sense of continuity between shots.

14. CONVENTIONS OF EDITING (CONT.) Types of match cuts: Match-on-action –  Cut in the middle of an action & changes to a different set up  Accentuates sense of continuity 2001  Stylized effect 2001 Graphic match cut  Shape, color, or texture of objects match across the edit  2001; Indiana Jones Eyeline-match cut  Joins shot A of a person looking off screen with shot B of what s/he is looking at  Vertigo

17. CONVENTIONS OF EDITING (CONT.) Transitions:  Fade-in & fade-out  Dissolve- shot B, superimposed, gradually replaces shot A  Used for ellipsis in time or flashback/flashforward  Wipe – vertical or horizontal Star Wars  Think serials and Star Wars  Iris-in – starts with small circle in the frame and expands to reveal shot  Iris-out – reverse the iris-in

18. OTHER EDITING CONVENTIONS  Freeze-frame  highlights a frame  Split-screen  uh, splits the screen Mean Girls (2004)  Montage  sequence of shots that show a condensed series of events (bracket syntagma)

19. EDITING AND POSTPRODUCTION 1)Dailies (or rushes) during shooting 2)Workprint or digital video transfer 3)Selects (the chosen takes) used to create assembly edit (shots in basic order) 4)Rough cut- like a first draft 5)Fine cut- fine tuned 6)Final cut - insert sound tracks, & special effects 7)Locked print – no more changes 8)Negative cut/answer print – lab tweaks 9)Final print - tada! 10)Release prints – in theaters 11)Cutting continuity script – the final record of the film’s form and content