2. Body Systems

4. Musculoskeletal System
Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the heart
Circulation of blood
Components of blood
Pulse
Blood Pressure
Nervous System
Digestive System
Skin
Function
Layers
Endocrine System

7. Anatomical position
Anterior
Posterior
Superior
Inferior
Proximal
Distal
Medial
Lateral

8. Musculoskeletal System
Skeleton
Skull
Houses and protects the brain
Cranium: Orbit; Nasal Bone; Maxillae, upper jaw; Mandible, lower jaw; Zygomatic arches
Houses and protects the brain
Cranium: Orbit; Nasal Bone; Maxillae, upper jaw; Mandible, lower jaw; Zygomatic arches

9. Houses and protects the brain
Cranium: Orbit; Nasal Bone; Maxillae, upper jaw; Mandible, lower jaw; Zygomatic arches

10. Spine
Cervicle-7; Thoracic-12; Lumbar-5; Sacral-5; coccyx-4

11. Cervicle-7; Thoracic-12; Lumbar-5; Sacral-5; coccyx-4

12. Thorax
Ribs
Sternum

13. Illiac Crest
Iliac Crest

14. Pelvis Ilium Pubis Ischium Acetabulum
Ilium: Superior bone that contains the Iliac Crest; Pubis, anterior portion; Ischium, inferior/posterior portion; Acetabulum, socket of the hip joint

15. Ilium: Superior bone that contains the Iliac Crest;
Pubis, anterior portion;
Ischium, inferior/posterior portion;
Acetabulum, socket of the hip joint

16. Medial and Lower mallelous Tarsals and metatarsals Calcaneus Phalanges
Lower Extremities
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Medial and Lower mallelous
Tarsals and metatarsals
Calcaneus
Phalanges
Medial and Lower Mallelous; surface landmarks of the ankle joint
Medial and Lower Mallelous; surface landmarks of the ankle joint

18. Acromioclavicular Joint Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals
Upper Extremities
Clavicle
Scapula
Acromioclavicular Joint
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Carpals: Wrist
Metacarpals: Hand
Phalanges: Fingers

19. Carpals: Wrist
Metacarpals: Hand
Phalanges: Fingers

20. Bones connect to other bones Types: Ball and socket; Hinge
Joints
Bones connect to other bones
Types: Ball and socket; Hinge
Bones connect to other bones
Types: Ball and socket; Hinge

21. Function: Gives the body shape; provides for movement
Muscles
Function
Voluntary
Involuntary
Cardiac
Function: Gives the body shape; provides for movement
Function: Gives the body shape; provides for movement

22. Voluntary Skeletal Attached to bone Form the major muscle mass
Under control of the nervous system and brain
Can be contracted and relaxed at your will
Responsible for movement

23. Involuntary
Smooth
Found in the GI tract, urinary system, blood vessels and bronchi
Control the flow of blood
Carry out the automatic muscular functions
No direct control
Respond to stretching, heat and cold

24. Cardiac Found only in the heart Involuntary
Own supply of blood; coronary artery system
Can tolerate interruption for very short periods
Automaticity: Ability of muscles to contract on their own

25. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Anatomy Physiology
Infant and child anatomy considerations

26. Nasopharynx: Area posterior to the nose
Oropharynx
Nasopharynx: Area posterior to the nose
Oropharynx
Nasopharynx: Area posterior to the nose

27. Epiglottis

28. Trachea
Windpipe
Windpipe

29. Lower portiion of the…….
Cricoid Cartilage
Lower portiion of the…….
Lower portiion of the…….

30. Larynx
Voicebox

31. Subdivides into smaller air passages ending at the alveoli
Bronchi
Subdivides into smaller air passages ending at the alveoli
Subdivides into smaller air passages ending at the alveoli

33. Lungs
Diaphragm

34. Respiratory Physiology how we breathe
Inhalation
Based on concentration of gasses or pressure. The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm moves slightly downward, the ribs move upward/outward and air flows into the lungs

35. Based on concentration of gasses or pressure
Based on concentration of gasses or pressure. The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm moves slightly downward, the ribs move upward/outward and air flows into the lungs

36. Exhalation
Reverse the process

37. The intercostal muscles relax, decreasing the size of the of the thoracic cavity
Diaphragm moves upward
Air flows out of the lungs

38. Alveolar/capillary exchange
Oxygen enter the alveoli during each inspiration
Oxygen poor blood in the capillaries passes into the alveoli. Oxygen enters the capillaries as CO2 enters the alveoli
Oxygen enter the alveoli during each inspiration
Oxygen poor blood in the capillaries passes into the alveoli. Oxygen enters the capillaries as CO2 enters the alveoli

39. Capillary/Cellular exchange
Cells give up CO2, Capillaries give up O2 to the cells
Cells give up CO2, Capillaries give up O2 to the cells

40. Infant and Child Anatomy Considerations
Mouth and Nose
Pharynx
Trachea
Cricoid Cartilege
Diaphragm
Mouth and nose; structures are smaller and more easily obstructed. Pharynx; tongue takes up proportionally more space. Trachea; softer and more flexible. Cricoid Cartilege; less developed and less rigid. Diaphragm; chest wall is softer, infants and children depend on the diaphragm for breathing

41. Mouth and nose; structures are smaller and more easily obstructed
Mouth and nose; structures are smaller and more easily obstructed. Pharynx; tongue takes up proportionally more space. Trachea; softer and more flexible. Cricoid Cartilege; less developed and less rigid. Diaphragm; chest wall is softer, infants and children depend on the diaphragm for breathing

42. Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the heart
Circulation of the blood
Composition of the blood
Pulse
Blood pressure
Perfusion

43. Anatomy of the heart
Atria
Ventricles
One way valves
Conductivity

44. Posterior tibial: medial malleous Dorsalis Pedis; top of the foot
Arteries
Coronary
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Carotid
Brachial
Radial
Posterior tibial: medial malleous
Dorsalis Pedis; top of the foot
Carry blood away from the heart
Aorta: Largest artery; divides at the navel into the iliac arteries
Carotid; major artery of the neck, supplies head with blood

45. Carry blood away from the heart
Aorta: Largest artery; divides at the navel into the iliac arteries
Carotid; major artery of the neck, supplies head with blood

46. Arterioles
Capillaries
Veinules

47. Veins
Superior vena cavea
Inferior vena cavea
Pulmonary vein

48. Composition of the Blood
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma; watery salty fluid that make up over half the volume of blood. Red and white blood cells and platelets are carried in the plasma
Red Blood Cells, Erythrocytes; Gives blood its color, carries o2 to the tissues and co2 away from the tissues
White blood cells; Fight infection
Platelets; clotting

49. Plasma; watery salty fluid that make up over half the volume of blood
Plasma; watery salty fluid that make up over half the volume of blood. Red and white blood cells and platelets are carried in the plasma
Red Blood Cells, Erythrocytes; Gives blood its color, carries o2 to the tissues and co2 away from the tissues
White blood cells; Fight infection
Platelets; clotting

50. Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord Nerves
Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord
Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord

51. Peripheral Nervous System Sensory
Carry information from the body to the brain and spinal cord
Carry information from the body to the brain and spinal cord

52. Carry information from the brain and spinal cord to the brain
Motor
Carry information from the brain and spinal cord to the brain
Carry information from the brain and spinal cord to the brain

53. Digestive System Function Organs of digestion
Organs that assist in food breakdown

54. Function
Food travels through the body and is digested or broken down into absorbable forms
Food travels through the body and is digested or broken down into absorbable forms

55. Organs of Digestion Stomach Small intestine
Stomach: Hollow organ; expands as it fills with food
Small intestine: Hollow organ where food absorption takes place; Divided into 3 parts: Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Large Intestine; hollow organ; removes water from waste products
Stomach: Hollow organ; expands as it fills with food
Small intestine: Hollow organ where food absorption takes place; Divided into 3 parts: Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Large Intestine; hollow organ; removes water from waste products

56. Duodenum: Breakdown of food; Regulates the rate at which the stomach empties

57. Jenunum: Absorbs nutrients

58. Ileum: The function of the ileum is mainly to absorb vitamin B12 and bile salts and whatever products of digestion were not absorbed by the jejunum.
Ileum: The function of the ileum is mainly to absorb vitamin B12 and bile salts and whatever products of digestion were not absorbed by the jejunum.

59. Large Intestine; hollow organ; removes water from waste products

60. Organs that assist in food breakdown Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Spleen
Appendix
Liver: Solid organ; produces bile and breaks down fats
Gallbladder: Stores bile from the liver
Pancreas: Produces insulin
Spleen: Solid organ; filters blood; hold significant quantities of blood
Appendix

61. Liver: Solid organ; produces bile and breaks down fats
Gallbladder: Stores bile from the liver
Pancreas: Produces insulin
Spleen: Solid organ; filters blood; hold significant quantities of blood
Appendix

62. Skin
Function
Layers
Function: Protection; water balance; temperature regulation; excretion; shock absorption
Layers: Epidermis; outermost most layer
Dermis: Deeper layer of the skin; contains sweat and sebaceous glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings
Subcutaneous: The third layer of human skin is called the subcutaneous (meaning “under the skin”) fatty layer. It is made up of fat cells, connective tissue, and blood vessels. It also contains hair roots, from which hair growth takes place. The fat in this layer supplies nutrients to the other two layers. It also cushions the body and protects it from the cold.
Function: Protection; water balance; temperature regulation; excretion; shock absorption
Layers: Epidermis; outermost most layer
Dermis: Deeper layer of the skin; contains sweat and sebaceous glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings
Subcutaneous: The third layer of human skin is called the subcutaneous (meaning “under the skin”) fatty layer. It is made up of fat cells, connective tissue, and blood vessels. It also contains hair roots, from which hair growth takes place. The fat in this layer supplies nutrients to the other two layers. It also cushions the body and protects it from the cold.

63. Endocrine System Produces Hormones
Interacts with many other body systems
Hormones: Chemical Messengers ie insulin, epinephrine that help to regulate body functions and activities
Hormones: Chemical Messengers ie insulin, epinephrine that help to regulate body functions and activities