1. Laws of Thermodynamics C ontents: 1 st Law 2 nd Law 3 rd Law

2. First Law: Energy is conserved Input = output Fs + mgh + 1 / 2 mv 2 = Fs + mgh + 1 / 2 mv 2 Perpetual motion machines My solution to the world’s energy needs at age 11: (transformer and a 9 volt battery)

3. Second Law: Systems tend toward net increase in entropy (disorder) Heat flows from hot to cold No device can turn all of a given amount of heat to work Systems tend to move toward more probable states 2, 4, 100 coins heads side up The heat flow simulation on the computer Mixing of warm and cold water Heat engines Plate falling from the table Cigarette reverse burning Entropy is Time’s Arrow

4. Third Law: No object can reach absolute zero efficiency = T h - T c T h (Carnot cycle) What if T h = 0? Infinite probability of gaining heat