1. Laurie Fox Virginia Tech Hampton Roads AREC Phytoremediation

2. Water Most abundant resource 97% saltwater Most of 3% in glaciers Very small % in surface and groundwater for humans

3. Water Surface - water on or near the earth’s surface (rivers, lakes, springs, storm water)Surface - water on or near the earth’s surface (rivers, lakes, springs, storm water) Ground - water in the saturated zone below the water table (aquifer)Ground - water in the saturated zone below the water table (aquifer)

4. Water Cycle

5. Water Quality The degree of excellence relative to: colorodor suspended solids nutrients dissolved oxygen pathogens (bacteria)

6. Water Quality Threatened by: overuseandpollution

7. Water Quality Threatened by: point and non-point source pollution through leaching and runoff of nutrients, sediments, toxics

8. Movement of pollutant in water or another liquid downward through throughsoil Leaching

9. Movement of pollutant away from release site in water or another liquid flowing horizontally Runoff

10. Nutrients - N & P Sediments - organic & inorganic solid particles Toxics - pesticides, gas, oil, heavy metals, weeds, & pathogens

11. Environmental Protection Agency On January 9, 2001, EPA announced the publication of recommended water quality criteria for nutrients under section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (see 66 FR 1671) http://www.epa.gov/OW/index.html

12. EPA’s expectations are for states to develop a plan and to adopt nutrient criteria into water quality standards.

13. Top 3 causes of impairments of the nation’s waters nutrients (N&P) siltation pathogens

14. Impairment Cultural Eutrophication Over-enrichment

15. Chronic symptoms algal blooms low dissolved oxygen fish kills murky water depletion of desirable flora & fauna increased turbidity stimulated microbes (Pfisteria)

16. No swimming past markers

18. Phytoremediation

19. Phytoremediation Use of vegetative systems (plants) to cleanse contaminated soil or water

20. What? sewage industrial wastewater landfill leachate toxic spills agricultural byproducts storm water runoff

21. How? engineered wetlands buffer zones rain gardens in water systems

22. Engineered Wetlands

23. Buffer Zones

24.  3 planting zones  4 days or less  5% of drainage area  6” water LowHighMiddle Adams County SWCD Quincy, IL Rain Gardens

25. In Water Systems

26. Bayville Golf Club Runoff into bay is large concern Buffer of fine fescues and other native grasses and plants All storm is captured and recycled as irrigation water

27. Why Water Hyacinth? Bright glossy leaves, ornamental purple flowers. Reproduction is quick & vegetative. (7 to 10 days) Dense, fibrous root systems are efficient accumulators of nutrients. Readily available. Easily harvested? Can be composted. Do not overwinter.

28. Corral design and construction Criteria –cost effective, readily available, light weight, easy to assemble and maintain, effectively contain hyacinths Materials –PVC-Irrigation Pipe –Safety/oyster fencing –Cable ties

29. Corral design & construction

30. Deployment of corrals & hyacinths

31. Week 1 observations 101 102 103 104 201202 203 204 301302303 304

32. Week 8 observations

33. SAVE THE BAY=PHYTOREMEDIATON