2. The Civil War,
Some historians refer to it as the “Second American Revolution”
Deaths of 620,000 men
4 million slaves freed
Accelerated industrialization modernization

5. The War Begins
In his inaugural address, Lincoln assured southerners he would not interfere with slavery
He also said no state had the right to break up the Union
Ft. Sumter, SC: April 12, 1861

6. Use of executive power
Lincoln acted in unprecedented ways, without the approval of Congress:
1.) calling for 75,000 volunteers to put down the “insurrection”
2.) Authorized spending for the war
3.) Suspended the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus (Constitution says that the write of habeas corpus “shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it”)
4.) Use of martial law in pro-Southern areas
Since Congress was NOT in session, Lincoln acted completely on his own

7. Advantages NORTH SOUTH Population Navy
Economy (85 % of factories and goods, 70% of RRs and 65% of farmland)
Government
SOUTH
Fighting a defensive war
Military leaders
Move troops/supplied shorter distances
Long, indented coastline

8. Union Strategy Blockade southern ports (the Anaconda Plan)
Divide Confederacy into two by taking control of the Mississippi River
Raise and train army of 500,000 to take Richmond

9. Major Battles First Battle of Bull Run Second Battle of Bull Run
Antietam – forestalls foreign intervention into war!
Shiloh
Fredericksburg
Vicksburg
Gettysburg
Chancellorville

10. Antietam
Confederate dead by a fence on the Hagerstown road, Antietam, Maryland, photo by Alexander Gardner, September The Battle of Antietam was one of the most costly of the Civil War.

11. Union Soldiers Union soldiers in trenches, Petersburg, Virginia, 1864.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

12. Railroads
Bridge on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, rebuilt by Union engineers. Railroads became important strategic resources—and targets—during the Civil War.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (B8184-B185)

14. Monitor vs. Merrimac
Confederacy build the ironclad, the Merrimac (a former Union ship that was captured and renamed the Virginia)
The Union built its own ironclad, the Monitor
Five hour battle in 1862
Fought to a draw
Revolutionizes the future of naval warfare

15. Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln decided to use his powers as commander in chief to free all the slaves in states then at war with the Union
“Military necessity”
Encouraged the border states to emancipate their slaves with compensation to the owners
Issued after Battle of Antietam
As of Jan 1, 1863, slaves in rebellious states are free

16. African-Americans in the War
African-Americans did serve in the war
Free men and runaway slaves
Segregated all-black units
54th MA (Glory)

17. Turning Point - Gettysburg
Lee invades the north – summer of 1863
Hoped to capture a key northern city or destroy the Union army
July 1- 3
50,000 casualties
Disastrous for Lee and the south and they never regained the offensive

18. Ulysses S. Grant Appointed commander by Lincoln in early 1864
Fought a war of attrition
Forced Lee’s army to constantly fight and retreat
Civil War ended up becoming a “total war”

19. Election of 1864

20. End of the War Hunger in the South Grant outflanking Lee
Fall of Richmond on April 3, 1865
Confederate govt. wanted peace, Lincoln said he wanted Union restored
Lee surrenders at Appomatox (VA) on April 9, 1865
Grant was respectful towards Lee and his troops

21. Appomatox Court House
Federal soldiers at Appomattox Court House, Appomattox, Virginia. Photograph by Timothy H. O’Sullivan, April 1865.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-B DLC)

22. Assassination of Lincoln
April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth, a southern sympathizer, shot and killed president Lincoln in Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C.
Booth was eventually chased by Federal troops and died under disputable circumstances

24. Assassination of Lincoln
Library of Congress Washington, D.C. mourned its assassinated president, Abraham Lincoln, with a solemn parade (left). The Ford Theater, where Lincoln was assassinated, also commemorated the event with funeral bunting (right).

25. Effects of the Civil War
Republicans gain more power in Washington, D.C.
In wartime, governments tend to be more concerned with prosecuting the war than with protecting citizens’ constitutional rights (suspension of the write of habeas corpus)
13,000 arrested and not told why (held without a trial)
Many Democrats saw Lincoln as a dictator/tyrant
First draft (conscription)
Federal government’s authority increases over the states (political dominance of the North)
Modernization and industrialization
Slavery abolished (13th Amendment)
National Banking System
Growth of the Economy

26. Effects of the Civil War
Library of Congress Charleston, South Carolina, lies in ruins following the war between the states.

27. Women and the war
Absence of millions of men led women to take a greater responsibility at home
Operated farms and plantations, and took factory jobs
Nurses and volunteers
Women’s Rights Movement gains some momentum

28. End of Slavery
The group in society most profoundly changed by the war was African-Americans
13th Amendment frees 4 million people
Still face economic hardship and political oppression
Segregation and discrimination will continue in the South and the North
Devastation of southern economy