1. CANMET Energy Technology Centre - Varennes Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada Operating an Intelligent Building Meli Stylianou Intelligent and Integrated Buildings Conference Toronto, Ontario, Dec. 2-3, 2002

2. Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada Outline u Building operation and Kyoto u Intelligence ? u How can intelligence help in operating buildings? u Do we have everything we need to intelligently operate buildings? u Is building operation such a big deal? u Intelligent building operation u Conclusions

3. Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada Building operation and Kyoto u Commercial sector n 430,000 commercial and institutional buildings and thousands more being built each year. n 13% of secondary energy (1,015 PJ) n 12.5% of GHG emissions (54 Mt eq. CO2) u Ineffective Operation n 15%-30% energy waste u How can intelligent buildings improve operation?

4. Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada Intelligence ? “The ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying situations: REASON;” Webster’s dictionary

5. Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada How can intelligence help in building operation? u Continuously optimize operations n Modulate set points to respond to changing requirements n Continuous commissioning u Detect and diagnose faults n Air handling units, chillers, boilers… u Schedule maintenance n Scheduled  need it or not n Analyze cost/benefit then schedule

6. Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada Do we have everything we need to intelligently operate buildings? u Today’s systems: n Have limited or no learning/reasoning capabilities n Depend on operators – who more often than not lack the expertise and/or time to ensure optimal operation n Are reactive – symptoms force action: complaints of indoor environment/ high energy costs/high maintenance costs u Technology is available n Buildings are already monitored as never before n Computational capabilities of today’s systems can do much more than they are asked to n Artificial intelligence techniques are no longer at the experimental stage and in fact are used in many industries

7. Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada Is building operation such a big deal…? u Two identical buildings n EESB n ETB –Low-E windows; T-8 lighting system; energy efficient HVAC system; LED exit lights u Complaints skyrocketed u ETB – 32% more energy consumed u Correction of problems: manual setting; simultaneous heating and cooling u Result:comfort related complaints dropped; energy consumption reduced

8. Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada But how can this be true…? 18°C 14°C 24°C 11°C 13°C 15°C 13°C Space maintained at 23°C (Modified from:Diagnostics and Commissioning, Karl Stum, PECI)

9. Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada Can intelligence be used in today’s control systems? u Diagnostic Agent for Building Operators (DABO) Diagnostic Agent for Building Operators Database BEMS DDE/ODBC/OCX Building Energy Agent Fault Detection & Diagnostic Agent Commissioning Agent Existing Control System Artificial Intelligence Tools Condition-Based Maintenance Agent

10. Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada Fault detection and diagnosis applications CETC-Varennes, Qc Delta Controls, Surrey, BC CFF, Laval, Qc Dorval Airport, Montreal, Qc

11. Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada VAV Box Report Screen

12. Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada …but does it work?

13. Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada Intelligent building operation u Sensing n Wireless sensing can reduce the life cycle cost of monitoring building systems u Interoperability n Facilitate the development of tools linking the operation and maintenance requirements of building systems u Computational capabilities n Enable the optimisation and timely detection of faulty operation and limit impact on energy costs and occupant well being u Artificial intelligence techniques n Leverage the hardware capabilities of building control systems and provide the information necessary to optimise the operation of the building

14. Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada Conclusions u Barrier: Building owner and operator awareness u The market pull is not there …yet u Data is available u Hardware is available u Intelligence is vital in operating buildings n Reduce operating costs n Improve indoor environmental conditions – proactively not reactively n Improve occupant satisfaction and productivity n Elimination of occupant complaints… not a dream…