1. Intro to Biology: Principles and methods

2. Biology is the study of life

3. Biology has many subdisciplines Biochemistry Cell biology Ecology Physiology Microbiology Genetics Molecular biology Population genetics Botany Agriculture Bioinformatics Systems biology Health Medicine Pharmacology Evolution Anatomy Taxonomy Paleobiology Etc., etc., etc.

4. Biology is transforming our lives As available biological information increases, our knowledge of biology advances

5. Biology is transforming our lives Antibiotics have saved countless lives Antibiotics are part of a constant war against microbes The war isn’t over yet

6. Biology is transforming our lives Oscar Pistorius, South Africa, 400m Fastest time: ~46 sec World record: 43.18sec Cleared to compete in the Olympics

7. Knowing Biology is a good way to get a job Developments in biological knowledge have led to discovery of new drugs Many drugs require special manufacturing procedures The bay area is a pretty good place to get such a job

8. Knowing biology is a good way to get a job America has a rapidly aging population Jobs in healthcare are rapidly increasing

9. Knowing Biology is a good way to help out Biology addresses many needs and dangers the earth and its inhabitants currently face

10. What is life? We know it when we see it Characteristics not so easy to define Some are more basic than others

11. All living things consume and expend energy Heterotrophs- consume food from their environment Autotrophs- make their own food using other energy sources Lithotrophs- get their energy from oxidation of minerals

12. All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic units of living things Their size is determined by physical principles

13. All living things respond to their environment

14. All living things are orderly Life is self-organizing Life controls its internal environment in the face of external changes

15. All living things reproduce Bacteria reproduce by binary fission Daughter cells of bacteria are nearly identical But not quite… Sexual reproduction ensures offspring ar different from parents

16. All living things have DNA DNA is an orderly, self- replicating molecule DNA stores all genetic information It does not reproduce itself perfectly every single time

17. All living things evolve and adapt to their environment Variation in offspring allows natural selection Variation in offspring ultimately has its roots in imperfect replication of DNA

18. LE 1-6b Population with varied inherited traits Elimination of individuals with certain traits Reproduction of survivors

19. LE 1-1a Biosphere Ecosystem Florida coast Community All organisms on the Florida coast Population Group of brown pelicans Organism Brown pelican Life can be studied at all levels

20. LE 1-1b Organism Brown pelican Spinal cord Nerve Brain Organ system Nervous system Organ Brain Tissue Nervous tissue Cell Nerve cell Nucleus Organelle Nucleus Molecule DNA Atom New properties emerge at each new level of complexity

21. LE 1-8a-1 Observations Question Hypothesis #1: Dead batteries Hypothesis #2: Burnt-out bulb Hypothesis testing is the means by which science advances

22. LE 1-8a-3 Observations Question Hypothesis #1: Dead batteries Prediction: Replacing batteries will fix problem Hypothesis #2: Burnt-out bulb Prediction: Replacing bulb will fix problem Test prediction Test falsifies hypothesisTest does not falsify hypothesis A good hypothesis must be falsifiable

23. Good experiments are controlled Controls are references which can be used for comparison

24. Figure 1.8b

25. Figure 1.8c

26. Figure 1.8d

27. LE 1-8e Artificial king snakes Artificial brown snakes 84% 16% 17% Coral snakes absent Coral snakes present 83% 100 80 60 40 20 0 Percent of total attacks on artificial snakes