2.  Cells are the basic unit of all living things…if it is alive it has cells

3.  Prokaryotes  No Nucleus  No membrane-covered organelles  Circular DNA  Bacteria  Eukaryotes  Nucleus  Membrane-covered organelles  Linear DNA  All other Cells

4.  cytoplasm: inner liquid filling  capsule: slimy outer coating  cell wall: tougher middle layer  cell membrane: delicate inner skin  DNA in one big loop  ribosomes: for building proteins

5.  Cell Differentaition  There are only 2 classes of cells (plant/animal), but there are many kinds of cells in each class. Each kind of cell has a DIFFERENT job to do…it specializes.

6.  The cell membrane holds the cell together and allows nutrients in the cell  It’s just like a turtle’s skin  The cell membrane is on the edge of a cell

7.  Cytoplasm is the watery gel inside a cell. It holds the organelles  Cytoplasm is like the turtles blood and other liquids

8.  Mitochondria is an ORGANelle that releases energy from food  Mitochondria is like a turtle’s stomach

9.  The nucleus controls the cell  The nucleus is like the turtle’s brain  Contains the DNA in Eukaryotic Cells

10.  Chromosomes are inside the nucleus and are made of genes (DNA)  Genes decide the cells traits and activities (heart cell, eye cell (color))

11.  Processes and transports materials out of the cell

12.  Where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins

13.  Makes lipids  Breaks down drugs and other substances  Packages up proteins for release from the cell  Ribosome are attached to it

14.  Digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders

15.  Vacuoles are spaces in the cytoplasm (gel) where food and chemicals are stored  It’s like “fat” on a turtle

16.  Cell Walls are only in plant cells  They make the cell strong and rigid  They are like a turtle’s shell (but only plants have them…that’s why grass stands straight up!)

17.  Chloroplasts are only in plant cells  They contain chlorophyll, which helps make energy/food from sunlight  Chlorophyll is green in color…so any plant that is green has chloroplasts