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Published byBenedict McCarthy Modified over 9 years ago
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Amphetamine Group Members: Kwong Ka Yi Mak Cheuk Kin
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Lead Compound Discovery First synthesized in 1887 By Lazar Edelearnu But have no pharmacological use Resynthesized in 1927 By Gordon Alles Used as a decongestant
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Molecular modification Ephedrine (2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol) Amphetamine (1-phenylpropan-2-amine)
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Ephedrine Amphetamine
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Formulation Development Psychostimulant Increased wakefulness Decreased fatigue Examples of popular brands Containing amphetamine as active ingredient Adderall Vyvanse Dexedrine
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Adderall Developed by Shire Pharmaceutical in 1996 Available in 2 formulations: Immediate release Extended release Formulations modified Strong effect on absorption & excretion of the racemic DL-amphetamine IIncreased reabsorption dangerously high amphetamine serum level
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At molecular level A mixture of amphetamine salts Racemic amphetamine aspartate monohydrate Dextroamphetamine saccharide Detroamphtetamine sulphate Racemic amphetamine sulphate Active ingredients Dextroamphetamine Racemic DL-amphetamine
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Vyvanse Developed by New River Pharmaceutical in 2005 Available formulations Pills of several dosages Formulation modified Single-enantiomer amphetamine Reduce side effect
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At molecular level Active ingredients: Lisdexamphetamine Dextroamphetamine Amphetamine dextroamphetamine lisdexamphetamine
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Dissociate ions Covalent amide bond hydrolysis Lisdexamphetamine Dextroamphetamine
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Dexedrine Formulations available Tablet Sustained-release capsules Formulation modified Exhibit better preventive effect on the neurotransmitters more obvious fatigue reduction
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At molecular level Amphetamine Dextroamphetamine DDextroamphetamine = enantiomer of amphetamine
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Safety tests & Human Trials
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Adderall Test Duration : 2 years Treatment : ADHD Result : Adderall XR – better tolerability Significant long-term ADHD sympton control
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Vyvanse Test Duration : 1 year Treatment : ADHD Result : Fairly good tolerability Side effects frequently reported Decreased appetite Headache Decreased weight Insomnia
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Dexedrine Treatment : ADHD Narcolepsy Depression Psychiatric syndrome
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Result : Improve attention span & behaviour Reduce fatigue in some patients
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Approval for Marketing
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Adderall Potential addictive property Powerful ability to raise blood pressure Approved for the treatment of ADHD ONLY
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Vyvanse DateApproval 23th February 2007 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 3rd January 2008 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 19th February 2009Health Canada
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Dexedrine ADHD Narcolepsy Depression Weight Loss
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