1. Seaborg Cerise Wuthrich CMPS 5433

2. Seaborg  Manufactured by IBM  Distributed Memory Parallel Supercomputer  Based on IBM’s SP RS/6000 Architecture

3. Seaborg  Used by National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (funded by Department of Energy) at Berkeley Lab  Named for Glenn Seaborg – Nobel laureate chemist who discovered 10 atomic elements, including plutonium

4. IBM SP RS/6000 Architecture  SP – Scalable Power Parallel  RS – RISC System  Composed of nodes

5. Nodes  416 nodes with 16 processors/node  380 compute nodes  20 nodes used for disk storage  6 login nodes  2 network nodes  8 spares

6. Front and back view of nodes

7. Node Architecture  16 IBM Power3 processors per node  Between 16 – 64 GB Memory per node  2 network adapters per node

8. Processors  IBM Power3 processors each running at 375 MHz  Power – Performance Optimized With Enhanced RISC  PowerPC processors are RISC-based symmetric multiprocessors (every processor is functionally identical) with 64-bit addressability  Connected to L2 cache by bus running at 250 MHz  Dynamic Branch Prediction  Instruction prefetching  FP units are fully pipelined  4 FLOP/cycle x 375 MHz = 1500 Million or 1.5 GFLOPS/sec

9. Power PC 3 processor 32 KB 64KB 8 MB

10. Power3 Processor 15 million transistors

11. Interconnection Network  Nodes connected with high bandwidth, low latency IBM SP2 switch  Can be connected in various topologies depending on number of nodes  Each switchboard has up to 32 links  16 links to nodes  16 links to other switchboards

12. Interconnection Network Star Topology used for up to 80 nodes and still guarantee 4 independent shortest paths

13. Interconnection Network Intermediate switchboards must be added for 81-256 nodes

14. Interconnection Network  The combination of HW and SW of the switch system is known as the CSS – Communication SubSystem  Network is highly available

15. Latency in the network  Within nodes, latency is 9 microseconds  Between nodes, using Message Passing Interface, the latency is 17 microseconds

16. Scalability  Architecture can handle from 1 – 512 nodes  The current version of Seaborg (2003) is twice the size of the original (2001)

17. Memory shared memory  Within each node, between 16 & 64 GB of shared memory  Between nodes, there is distributed memory  Parallel programs can be run using distributed memory message passing, shared memory threading or a combination

18. I/O  20 nodes run the distributed parallel I/O system called GPFS – General Parallel File System  44 Terabytes of disk space  Each node runs its own copy of AIX – IBM’s Unix-based OS

19. Production Status/Cost  $33 Million for the first version put into operation in June 2001  At the time, it was the 2 nd most powerful computer in the world and the most powerful one for unclassified research  In 2003, number of nodes was doubled

20. Customers  2100 researchers at national labs and universities across the country  Restricted to Department of Energy funded massively parallel processing projects  Located at the National Energy Research Computing Center

21. Applications  Massively Parallel Scientific Research  Gasoline Combustion Simulation  Fusion Energy Research  Climate Modeling  Materials Science  Computational Biology  Particle Simulations  Plasma Acceleration  Large Scale Simulation of Atomic Structures

22. Interesting Features  In 2004, 2.4 times as many requests as resources available  Uses POE (Parallel Operating Environment) and LoadLeveler to schedule jobs

23. Survey Results – Why do you use Seaborg?  Need massively parallel computer  High speed  Achieves level of numerical accuracy  Can run several simulations in parallel  Easy to connect using ssh  Fastest and most efficient computer available for my research  Long queue times are great  Large enough memory for my needs

24. Survey Results – How could Seaborg be improved?  I think too many nodes are scheduled for many jobs. Scaling is not good in many cases.  “..Virtually impossible to do interactive work”  “Debuggers are terrible.”  “Compilers and debuggers are a step down from the Cray.”  Giving preference to high concurrency jobs makes smaller jobs wait

25. Questions