2.  First functional one developed by ____________ ______________in 1869.  What’s its primary purpose? Brief history of P.T. (3:39) The genius of Mendeleev (4:24)

3.  The study of the substances and __________ processes which occur in ________ ___________.

4.  Copy this equation and write down everything you know about it: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy What is this??

5.  The term “atom” comes from the Greek word atomos, which means “unable to be ______”.  First coined by Greek philosopher ___________ 2500 years ago. ατομοσ

6.  Three main subatomic particles What are they? What are their charges?  Neutrality of atoms – What causes this?  Atomic number?  Atomic mass?  How small is an atom? (5:27) How small is an atom? (5:27)  You can't touch anything! (5:29) You can't touch anything! (5:29)

7.  A pure substance consisting entirely of one type of _______

8.  Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of ___________ (See Fig 2-2 on p. 36.) Isotopes of hydrogen

9.  Substance formed by the chemical union of two or more ___________ Chemical structure of NaCl

10.  Way of showing the chemical ______________ of a compound (C 6 H 12 O 6 )  It tells us (1) the _____________ in the compound and (2) their __________ (how many atoms there are of each element).

11.  Bond formed when one or more electrons are _____________ from one atom to another

12.  Bond formed when electrons are __________ between atoms; stronger and far more common in organisms than ionic  Ionic and covalent bonds (1:57) Ionic and covalent bonds (1:57)

13.  Hydrogen bonds form when a _____ atom covalently bonds to an O or N atom in another molecule.  H bonds form because the larger atoms (with more protons) pull the _____ from the H atoms closer to them, making them partially _____ and the H atoms partially _____.  H bonding (:56) H bonding

14.  Slight attraction that develops between ____________ ____________ regions of molecules (mainly ______ molecules)  Van der Waals and the gecko (8:22) Van der Waals and the gecko (8:22) Gecko's foot

15.  Surface tension is a property of the _____ of a _____ that allows it to resist an external force due to cohesive forces.  Surface tension (1:24) Surface tension (1:24)

16.  Attraction between molecules of the ___________ substance BELLY FLOP!!

17.  Attraction between molecules of _____________ substances; makes life possible – How?? Notice how the water adheres to the glass and forms a ________.

18.  Even distribution of a solute in a ________ Example: Saltwater (Salt is the ______ and water is the _______.)

19.  Heterogeneous mixture of undissolved _________ in a solvent

20.  Indicates the concentration of ______ ___________ in a solution  Acid – any compound that forms _____ _________ in a solution (________ on pH scale)  Base – any compound that forms ______ __________ in solution (________ on pH scale)  Buffers – weak _______or ________ that counteract strong acids or bases to prevent sudden, sharp changes in ______

21.  The study of all compounds containing carbon is called __________ ___________.  Carbon has four valance ___________ that can covalently bond with electrons of other atoms  It readily combines with other _________ atoms to form straight and branching _________ and will also form _________.  Forms single, double, and triple covalent _______

22. Nanotube bandage for preemies

23.  Proteins: Always made of an __________ group (NH 2 ), a carboxyl group (COOH) and an R-group.  The _____ __________ is what differentiates an amino acid. (See Fig. 2-16 on p. 47.)  Proteins are needed for growth, repair, and _______________ production.  _________ ________are the building blocks.  End with –ine (ex: valine)  CHONS  When in doubt, say...  What do proteins do? (4:07) What do proteins do? (4:07)

24.  There are four levels of protein structure (from simple to complex): Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

25.  Nucleic acids: formed from ___________, which consist of a 5-carbon ____________, a ________________ group, and a nitrogenous base  They store and transmit ___________ information.  Two kinds of nucleic acids: ______ and _______  PONCH  DNA and proteins (3:24) DNA and proteins (3:24)

26.  Carbohydrates: formed from C, H, and O most often in the ratio of _________ (glucose – C 6 H 12 O 6 )  Main source of __________  Made from ________(Sugars end in –ose.)  Mono-, di-, and polysaccharides  Cellulose – most abundant organic chemical on Earth (polysaccharide)  CHO

27.  Lipids: Large, mostly insoluble molecules  Fats, oils, and waxes  Used to store _________and make up important parts of membranes, especially _______ membrane  Formed when a _____________ combines with a _______ acid  Saturated and ____________ Chemically speaking, what’s the difference?  CHO

28.  Processes that ___________one set of chemicals into another

29.  Reactant – element or compound that _________ a chemical reaction  Product - element or compound _____________ by a chemical reaction  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (_________)(__________)

30.  Biological (organic) catalysts that _________ up chemical __________by lowering the activation ___________  End with –________ and their name is related to the compound they act upon  Example: lactase – speeds up the reaction that breaks down the disaccharide lactose into the monosaccharides galactose and glucose  Introduction to enzymes (4:46) Introduction to enzymes (4:46) Roles of Enzymes (3:35)

31.  Affected by temp, pressure, and pH  These factors can change the _________ of the enzymes (_____________), making them non-functional.  Substrates and active site – What are they?  Protein (enzyme) denaturation (3:55) Protein (enzyme) denaturation (3:55)