1. EDUCATION REFORM Reform, Reinvention, or Retrenchment?

2. A Brief History Education of Students Education of Teachers History of Reform Dimensions Reform of Schooling Reform of Teaching Reform of Teacher Education Reform of Teacher Educa

3. Dimensions of Education Reform: Class, Power, War & Revolution Reform of schooling Who is served? From elites to class division Early History and European Models (cf. Guisepi, 2007)Guisepi, 2007) Antiguity the church to the nobility (cf. Weber,Institute.2014)Weber,Institute.2014) U.S. Model (Horace Mann)Horace Mann) Industrial Revolution Need for educated workforce Education of diverse learners Bilingual/ESL Early Bilingual Education Early ESL (MN case, Holmquist, 1981)Holmquist, 1981 1974 (Lau v Nichols) 1975 BEA Disability Institutional Special Education (1973, 1975-2004 Desegregation Civil War: Revolution and Reconstruction Jim Crow Brown v. Bd of Ed. Progress and Re-segregation

4. How should schools be organized? Private schooling to public schooling Role of charter schools

5. What constitutes academic progress? From Liberal Arts to Basic Skills Literacy Debate Reading Cultural Accountability Nation At Risk (1983) State Standards No Child Left Behind (2001) Privatization

6. Reform teaching Professional Development Instructional Strategies Band wagons Nature of evidence

7. Reform teacher education Normal Schools “Accountability” (Barrera, 2015)Barrera, 2015 Standards

8. Resurgence: A movement for public education Opposing privatization Unions, Students, and Teacher Effectiveness Role of Students, Parents, & Communities