1. Bell Ringer:  What is reform?  How did individuals work to reform American society in the 1800s?  How would you reform American society today?  Vocabulary to know:  Social Reform  Temperance Movement  Transcendentalist  Suffrage  Civil Disobedience

2.  Which reformer do you find was the most influential and why?  Besides slavery, what was in need of the most reform and why?

3. Dorothea Dix:  Boston schoolteacher.  Tried to improve society’s care for its weakest members.  Witnessed the mentally ill not receiving treatment and living in terrible conditions.  Would travel the U.S. on behalf of the mentally ill.

4.  Horace Mann:  1830s- Americans begin to demand better schools.  1837- First Board of Education set up in Massachusetts headed by Mann.  By 1850 many Northern states have opened public elementary schools.  What were some obstacles faced? Public education is “the great equalizer”.

5.  Elizabeth Stanton:  Abolitionist-worked along side Lucretia Mott and William Garrison.  Demanded equality for women through voting rights.  Frederick Douglass and Stanton fought for suffrage.  Held the Seneca Falls Convention with Mott in 1848.

6. 1865

7. What do you see? How are women portrayed?

8.  Ralph Emerson:  New England writer.  Most popular essayist and lecturer.  Leading transcendentalist.  Urged Americans to cast off European influences and develop their own beliefs.  Stressed individualism  Believed that human spirit was reflected in nature.

9.  Emerson’s friend and neighbor.  Believed the growth of cities and industry was ruining the nation.  Urged people to live as simply and as close to nature as possible.  Argued in favor of civil disobedience.

10.  Fiction writer who would shape American literature.  Became famous for his many tales of horror.  Known as the “father of the detective story”.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x- 387NMCR6w http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x- 387NMCR6w  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlgQ QgDhH7U http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlgQ QgDhH7U