1. Institut für Umweltphysik/Fernerkundung Physik/Elektrotechnik Fachbereich 1 SCIAMACHY Instrument and Mission: Status and Overview H. Bovensmann on behalf of the SCIAMACHY Team SCIAMACHY Validation Workshop, Bremen, 6.- 8. December 2004

2. Acknowledgements SCIAMACHY is funded by DLR and NIVR, with contributions from BIRA and is part of ESA‘s ENVISAT mission The Team: M. Gottwald, E. Krieg, A. v. Bargen, C. Chlebek; DLR J. Frerick, ESA; G. Lichtenberg, R. Hoogeveen, Q. Kleipool, H. Schrijver, SRON T. Wagner, U. Platt, University Heidelberg A. Piters, A. Goede, P. Stammes, H. Kelder, KNMI C. Sioris, K. Chance, SAO J.C. Lambert, M. van Roozendaal, I, De Smedt, C. Muller, P. Simon, IASB- BIRA A. Bracher, K. Bramstedt, M. Buchwitz, R. de Beek, K.U. Eichmann, J. Kaiser, A. Kokhanovsky, S. Noel, A. Richter, G. Rohen, A. Rozanov, V. Rozanov, A. Schmolter, B. Sierk, J. Skupin, W. von Hoyningen-Hüne, M. Wuttke, J. P. Burrows; IFE/IUP University of Bremen … SCIAMACHY scientific support and research activities at University of Bremen are funded by BMBF (via GSF), DLR, state of Bremen, EU and ESA

3. = SCIAMACHY Mission Objectives (1988) Global to regional tropospheric pollution: fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and air quality. Global Warming: GHG, Climate Change and Chemistry Interactions. Natural Phenomena: Impact of Volcanic Erruptions, Biogenic Emissions and Lightning. Exchange between the Troposphere and the Stratosphere. Stratospheric Ozone: Ozone Hole, Ozone depletion at high and mid-latitudes – Recovery? Solar-Terrestrial Interactions (e.g. Solar Proton Events) and related. RESEARCH AREAS ATMOSPHERIC TRACE GAS MONITORING

4. SCIAMACHY Measurements

5. SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY Combination of Prism and 8 high resolution channels (each having its own grating) Spectral range from 214 to 2380 nm Spectral resolution from 0.2 to 1.5 nm 7 broadband polarization measurement devices PMDs On-board calibration H/W Absorption Spectroscopy with an Imaging Spectrometer Sun

6. SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY Nadir (TOMS, GOME) Limb (SME, SOLSE/LORE) Occultation (SAGE)Limb-Nadir Matching

7. ESA/PB-EO(88)68, 13 December 1988 The Polar Platform Announcement of Opportunity: Results of Evaluation of Instrument Proposals: SCIAMACHY „The Board agreed that although this was an attractive proposal scientifically, it apeared a little bit over ambitious.“... the SCIAMACHY proposal „looks unpromising below 20 km“...

8. Typical Orbit Sun-synchronous orbit (10:00 AM) Limb twilight measurements before sunrise Solar occultation measurement during sunrise every orbit Alternating Nadir and Limb measurements on dayside Lunar occultation measurements possible for about one week/month Calibration measurements during Eclipse and in dedicated orbits Global coverage in 6 days

9. © http://atmos.af.op.dlr.de/projects/scops/http://atmos.af.op.dlr.de/projects/scops/ SCIAMACHY On Duty 2003

10. © http://atmos.af.op.dlr.de/projects/scops/http://atmos.af.op.dlr.de/projects/scops/ SCIAMACHY On Duty 2004

11. Status Life Limited Items mechanism budgets (Oct. 2004) Cryo Heat Pipe (1 decontamination = 1 cycle) in-flight budget = 40 cycles current actual in-flight budget = 14 cycles © http://atmos.af.op.dlr.de/projects/scops/http://atmos.af.op.dlr.de/projects/scops/

12. Instrument Status I Instrument works in a stable configuration since August 2002 Spectrometer shows very high spectral stability Degradation in the UV is approx. 2%/year (less than 0.5% in channels 3-6), factor 5 smaller than observed with GOME/ERS-2

13. Degradation in the UV: Channel 2 © S. Noel, IFE-IUP

14. Transmission In-Orbit Channel 3 stability < 0.5% Channel 3 (392 – 605 nm) wrong timing of subsolar measurements partial solar eclipse Large sunspots ENVISAT Pointing

15. Instrument Status II Ice channels 7 and 8 still not stable –Affects CH 4, CO 2, CO and H 2 O retrieval limb and nadir –Work around for CO 2, CH 4 and H 2 O: change to different retrieval windows in channel 4 and 6 Channel 7Channel 8

16. Instrument Status III Tangent Height assignment since Dec. 2003 within few hundred of meter (offset 200 – 400 m, std. Dev. 100 – 200 m) –Affects all limb products –All data before Dec. 2003 have TH jumps up to 3 km, correction algorithm under development © C. von Savingy, IFE-IUP

17. Radiometric Calibration © J. Skupin, IFE-IUP Overall radiometric solar calibration now typically well within 3%.

18. Summary Instrument and Measurement Modes Spectral and Radiometric Performance as expected from on ground tests High spectral and radiometric stability in-orbit Transmission loss due to ice in channel 7 and 8 Limb – Nadir matching verified and optimised Limb pointing accuracy improved since Dec. 2003 All measurement (nadir, limb, occultation) and calibration modes were sucessfully tested and are working nominal since August 2002

19. Data Usage 2002-2004: German Projects

20. Data Usage 2002-2004: EU Projects

21. Data Usage Survey (Science & Applications) Attention: Not based on official statistics! – only rough survey! Data usage up to now was limited due to the availability of data products, partly scientific data products are currently used instead of operational data products Interrest in and expectation on SCIAMACHY data within EU 6th FP is currently high (SCOUT-O3, ACCENT, QUANTIFY, GEMS etc.) Several proposals to DFG (especially w.r.t. CAWSES) Funding for specific algorithm development necessary to demonstrate full potential of SCIAMACHY data not adequate

22. SCIAMACHY Overall Status Instrument is fully functional and working nominal since August 2002 Instrument shows overall good and stable in-flight performance Full Performance Calibration nearly completed Validation activities started in summer 2002 and will be continued until 2005 Release of operational data products by ESA after improvements in the operational data processing Special scientific data products are under development at various institutes (KNMI, DLR-DFD, University Bremen, University Heidelberg, SRON, SAO, NASA GSFC, BIRA etc.) to demonstrate the full potential of SCIAMACHY data in all relevant application areas Scientific Data Usage Phase already started !

23. Outlook Data Usage is coming along: –GMES Applications –Protocol Monitoring (Montreal, Kyoto) –Air Quality Forecast and Monitoring –Improvements of Emission Inventories –Science from Mesosphere to the Troposphere The long term: OMI & TES on AURA, GOME-2 & IASI on METOP, OMPS/NPOESS, OCO Open: European stratospheric trace gas sounding capabilities beyond ENVISAT! The Future Vision: Combined global LEO/GEO Atmospheric Composition Monitoring & Forecast System

24. Partners in the SCIAMACHY Project BIRA- IASB

25. Validation status – overview (April 2004) Nadir (NRT)Limb (OL) UV/VisNIRUV/IRUV/VisNIRUV/IR O3 (v)H2O (v)cloud frO3 (p)H2O (p)Aerosol NO2 (v)N2O (v)cloud tpNO2 (p)N2O (p) BrO (s)CO (v)AAIBrO (p)CO (p) SO2 (s)CO2 (v)CO2 (p) OClO (s)CH4 (v)CH4 (p) HCHO (s)p,T (p) UV index NadirLimb Nadir+L imb UV/VisNIRUV/IRUV/Vis O3 (v/p)N2O (v)cloud frO3 (p)NO2 (t) NO2 (s/v/t)CO (v)cloud tpNO2 (p) BrO (v)CO2 (v)AAIBrO (p) SO2 (s/v)CH4 (v)AOTOClO (p) OClO (s/v)Occult. HCHO (v)O3 H2O (v)NO2 UV index /doseNO3 non-operational products operational products prel. validation: OK prel. validation: problems verification: OK verification: problems

26. scientific products @ IFE Nadir Limb TH probl. Trop. From Nadir+Limb UV/VisNIRUV/IRUV/Vis O3N2OCFO3 NO2COCTH/COTNO2 BrOCO2AAIBrO SO2CH4AOTOClO H2OPSCsOccult. HCHONLCsO3 H2OT mesop.NO2 UV index /dose O3 mesop.NO3 OK, under validation Demonstrated, needs optimisation Difficult to achieve Not investigated

27. Availability of Scientific Products @ IFE/IUP Trop. NO 2 from SCIA see www.doas-bremen.dewww.doas-bremen.de Trop. NO2, HCHO and H2O for ICARTT http://www.doas- bremen.de/no2_icartt.htmhttp://www.doas- bremen.de/no2_icartt.htm Global stratospheric profiles limb O 3, NO 2, BrO www.iup.physik.uni-bremen.de/scia-arc www.iup.physik.uni-bremen.de/scia-arc Global distribution of cloud parameters (preliminary) www.iup.physik.uni-bremen.de/scia-arc www.iup.physik.uni-bremen.de/scia-arc On request for selected periods for validation: Nadir BrO and OClO Nadir H 2 O, CO, CH 4, CO 2 Stratospheric profiles O 3, NO 2 solar & lunar occultation Upper Stratospheric O 3 Mesopause temperatures PSC, NLC distributions

28. Nadir Geometry horizontal resolution in across track: 30 - 240 km (60 km typ. ) 960 km swath horizontal resolution in along track: 30 km Observation optimised to match limb with nadir measurements Duration of Limb sequence: 60 sec. Global coverage: 6 days at the equator

29. SCIAMACHY Nadir UV/vis – NIR/SWIR SCIAMACHY UV/vis nadir is basically a continuation of the GOME data set of –stratospheric O 3, NO 2, BrO, OClO –tropospheric O 3, NO 2, BrO, SO 2, HCHO, H 2 O with some improvements: –better spatial resolution (up to 30 x 30 km 2 ) –limb-nadir matching –less spectral undersampling –reduced polarisation dependency –improved diffuser for solar irradiance measurements SCIAMACHY NIR/SWIR is completely new covering the tropospheric gases H 2 O, CO, CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O Coverage: 6 days at the equator

30. Limb Measurements horizontal resolution in azimuth: 240 km (120 km min.) horizontal resolution in flight direction: ~ 400 km Duration of Limb sequence: 60 sec. Global coverage: 6 days at the equator ENVISAT mispointing (elevation, up 3 km at tangent point) is under investigation by ESA

31. High-Lights Total and Tropospheric Column Data SCIAMACHY yields for the first time global distributions of CO, NO 2, HCHO and SO 2 with a spatial resolution adequate to study air quality from regional to global scales Global distributions of H 2 O over land and ocean (Noel at al. ACP 2004) The very high sensitivity of tropospheric NO 2 data from SCIAMACHY is demonstrated by the detection of enhanced NO 2 along ship tracks in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean (Richter et al 2004, submitted) CO from biomass burning is detected unambiguously (California, Africa, Siberia) with a high sensitivity to the lowest troposphere (Buchwitz et al. ACPD, 2004). GHG CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O are detected with SCIAMACHY down to the surface The detection of tropospheric O 3 and NO 2 is significantly improved by SCIAMACHYs Limb-Nadir measurement sequence Cloud Parameters (cloud top height, optical thickness etc.) are detected in paralelle to the trace gas measurements Aerosol Optical Thickness over Land and Ocean is progressing

32. High-Lights SCIAMACHY Profiling SCIAMACHY yields for the first time global distributions of daytime BrO and NO 2 in the stratosphere from pole-to-pole O 3 profiles are covering the lower stratosphere up to the mesosphere, with the potential to be extended to the tropical tropopause region OClO is detected under Cl-activation at the edge of the NH polar vortex NO 3 is detected in the SH during night time with the lunar occultation mode PSC and NLC can be routinely detected, their optical parameter can be determined The temperature of the mesopause is determined via OH Meinle band emission (3-1) to an accuracy of a least 5 K (von Savigny et al. JAS 2004). First scientific applications: The SH major stratospheric warming 2002 (von Savigny et al., 2004 The large SPE in autum 2003 (von Savigny et al. 2004)