1. Unit 7: Urban Land Use

2. Services

3. Types of Services Consumer: retail, wholesale, education, health and leisure and hospitality Business: financial, professional, and transportation and similar services Public Services: provide security and protection

4. Origin of Services Early consumer services Early public services Early Business services

5. Clustered Rural Settlements

6. Kraal in Africa

7. Dispersed Rural Settlement

8. Each settlement has an economic base Basic Services create goods to be distributed outside of the community. Example: big industries Paper Mill USAA Insurance QVC Non-Basic Services: serve the community. Example: schools Grocery stores Doctors DMV restaurants

9. The Central Place Theory Market area of a service Size of a market area – Range – Threshold

10. Gravity Model

11. Back to Central Place Theory Which shape to use?

12. Hexagon: Central Place

13. Central Place Are the market areas the same size? Are there concentrations of populations in some of the areas, i.e. are the thresholds the same size? Would concentrations of population influence the locations? Would the locations of businesses with large work forces influence the range? Would demographics of population (specifically income) influence the range?

14. Advantages to Central Place Theory Does a “good enough” job of describing spatial patterns in urbanization Only theory to describe hierarchy of urban centers Describes location of trade and service activity Beneficial to city economic developers to identify what types of services are necessary and will survive in a given community

15. Problems with Central Place Theory Large areas of flat land are rare and transportation networks often intentionally channel traffic in specific directions Government intervention can dictate the location of industry Perfect competition is an unreal assumption People vary in their shopping trends—personal preference/sales People and resources are not evenly distributed Christaller did not account for changing functions of areas over time

16. Urban Function Hierarchy Hamlet-village-town-city Rank-Size Rule: In MDCs, the second largest city is half the size of the largest city, the 4 th largest city is 1/4 th the size of the largest. Primate City Rule: The largest city is disproportionately larger than all the rest.

17. Central Business Districts vs. The SUBURBS!!! The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly

18. Central Business Districts - Original Location -Site -Situation

19. Characteristics of CBDs Charlotte, NC -Vertical Geography -High Rents (bid rents) -Demography -Environmental Concerns -Cultural Amenities -Sense of Place

20. Centralization in CBDs 1. Economic Advantages: -accessibility -location near transportation hubs -agglomeration, clustering of “like” services 2. Social Advantages: -Historical momentum -Prestige -locate near work

21. Services of CBDs: Faneuil Hall Marketplace, Boston -Retail Services with a High Threshold -Retail Services with a High Range -Retail Services Serving Downtown Workers -Business Services

22. Urban Renewal Public housing Gentrification Revitalization Sense of Place

23. Granville Island, Vancouver

24. Who lives in the inner city? Single Yuppies, DINKS=want to be near amenities and walk to work Elderly, retired=want to be near amenities, can’t drive, no kids, downsizing from big house in suburbs Middle-aged, single career women Gay population People with unique careers can only find jobs in big cities People who don’t want to be far from amenities Affordable, high density housing Don’t want to pay transportation costs to CBD jobs

25. Problems with Decentralization in CBDs Inadequate and run-down housing, redlining, filtering, ethnic and racial segregation Stores shut down Homelessness, underclass, cycle of poverty Services are cut or taxes are raised Crime Pollution Lack of residents

26. http://www.juicygeography.co.uk/downloads/podmovies/ExeterCBD.mov http://www.juicygeography.co.uk/downloads/podmovies/ExeterCBD.mov Video made by a geography student in Exeter, England about the CBD

27. http://www.ted.com/talks/majora_carter_s_tale_of_urban_renewal.html

28. Suburbs: The answer to decentralization - The commuter zone: Counterurbanization, Transportation Corridor -Early Policies that led to suburbanization A. Federal Road Act of 1916, Interstate Hwy Act 1956 B. Federal Housing Administration (FHA) 1934 -single family homes -FHA loans for repairs were short and small C. GI Bill 1944 D. United States Housing Act 1937 -provides public housing for the poor E. Zoning Ordinances, Gated Communities 2 effects: 1.Encouraged single family homes away from the central city 2. Magnified segregation of residential areas

29. Suburbs: The Good Life? -Urban Sprawl -Checkerboard development, in-filling -Placelessness -Better Schools -Safer Environment -Large Yards, single homes -Jobs have moved to the suburbs -Services have moved to the suburbs

30. Ted Talks on Suburbs http://www.ted.com/talks/james_howard_kunstler_dissects_suburbia.html http://www.ted.com/talks/james_howard_kunstler_dissects_suburbia.html

31. Who wants to live in the Suburbs? Married with families, affordable, single homes People who want safety (less crime), big yards, better schools People who work outside of the city

32. Urban Sprawl: Suburbs run amok

33. CBDs in Europe and Latin America How are they similar AND How are they different?

34. Resources De Blij, Harm, J. (2007). Human Geography People, Place and Culture. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Domosh, Mona, Neumann, Roderic, Price, Patricia, & Jordan-Bychkov, 2010. The Human Mosaic, A Cultural Approach to Human Geography. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. Fellman, Jerome, D., Getis, Arthur, & Getis, Judith, 2008. Human Geography, Landscapes of Human Activities. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Pulsipher, Lydia Mihelic and Alex M. and Pulsipher, 2008. World Regional Geography, Global Patterns, Local Lives. W.H. Freeman and Company New York. Rubenstein, James M. (2008). An introduction to human geography The cultural landscape. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Benewick, Robert, & Donald, Stephanie H. (2005). The State of China Atlas. Berkeley: University of California Press.