1. Climate Change Mitigation in the Transport Sector 24-25 May 2006 Axel Friedrich Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Germany Review of experience in Europe

2. GHG emissions from transport in the EEA-31 (all EEA members except Cyprus)between 1990 and 2002

3. Rise in Energy Consumption in Road Transport in old 15 EU Member States between 1995 and 2003

5. Modal Split Development in Berlin (Internal Traffic) Bicycle

6. Development Passenger Transport S-Bahn Berlin M.ML 1 BB (NO)

7. Reducing CO 2 emissions (1) Assessment of the Directive’s effectiveness Source: ADAC

8. CO 2 emissions of newly registered Vehicle in the EU

9. Net-costs and cost efficiency (benefit cost ratio) to society (excluding taxes, including fuel savings) for reaching 140g/km between 2002 and 2008 (ACEA, JAMA, KAMA) Source:Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy (calculations based on IEEP, 2005) 2006

10. Source: Lang,FEV Motorentechnik 2004 Assessment of Fuel consumption, Potential and Cost of Hybrid Concepts

11. Correlation between Fuel Prices and Transport Fuel Intensity Source: Lee Schipper

12. Average Fuel Prices in 2003 vs. Transport Energy Intensity of old EU15 Member States (in grams of road transport fuel per € of GDP) 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 0.700.800.901.001.101.20 road fuel price in 2003 (€/litre)) road fuel use (g/€) Source: Transport and Environment Reporting Mechanism data, T&E analysis

13. Differentiation of annual circulation Tax for private Cars in the United Kingdom

14. New Car Average CO 2 Emissions in the United Kingdom Source: Driver Vehicle Licensing Agency, UK

15. CO2 Abatement Cost per tonne, diesel vehicle, European Driving Assumptions

16. Source: Eurostat

18. Possible CO2 Reduction HDV BASE: EURO 3 / 2003 Combustion+SCR: - 3 bis - 4% 2-step Turbo- Charging: - 2% Variable Valve Control: - 1 bis - 4% Friction Reduction: - 3 bis –4% Side components: - 2% Starter/Generator: - 1% Sum: Diesel Propulsion Potential: - 12% η > 44 %

19. Energy efficiency per transport unit and mode with passenger transport

20. Energy efficiency per transport unit and mode with Freight Transport

21. Implementation of the EU Biofuels Directive As in electricity generation, a framework is set by Community legislation: the biofuels directive[1], which sets as reference values a 2% market share for bio fuels in 2005 and 5.75% share in 2010.[1] The 2005 reference value was not be achieved. There is substantial variation in Member States’ efforts; if all Member States achieve the targets they have set, biofuels will attain a share of only 1.4%. [1] [1] Directive 2003/30/EC of 8 May 2003 on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport, O.J. L123, 17/05/2003 Source: COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION 2005 Biomass action plan

22. Implementation of the EU Biofuels Directive In accordance with the biofuels directive, the Commission will bring forward a report in 2006 on the directive’s implementation, with a view to a possible revision. It will address the issues of: · national targets for the market share of biofuels; · using biofuels obligations; requiring that, through a system of certificates, only biofuels whose cultivation complies with minimum sustainability standards will count towards the targets. Source: COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION 2005 Biomass action plan

23. axel.friedrich@uba.de www.umweltbundesamt.de New Address: 068440 Dessau POB 1406 Tel: +49 340 2103 2562