1. HIV/ AIDS

2. HIV/AIDS Human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) How many get it?
What is it?
Human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV/AIDS)
How many get it?
40,000 people in US are infected each year
Over 1 million people in the US are living with HIV
Symptoms:
Can take up to 10 years or longer to have symptoms
Unexplained weight loss
Flu like symptoms
Diarrhea
Fatigue
Headaches
Sever or recurring yeast infections
How is it spread?
Unprotected oral, anal, and vaginal sex
Sharing contaminated needles
Mother to baby
Treatment:
NO CURE!
Medicine can slow down process
Early treatment makes a big difference
Consequences:
Increased risk for infection of other STDs
HIV is deadliest STDs
Become more vulnerable to certain cancers, infections, and pneumonia

3. What is AIDS/HIV? HIV- human immunodeficiency virus
A virus that attacks the immune system
AIDS – Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
A disease in which the immune system of the patient is weakened

4. The Origin of AIDS
In 1999 researches discover origin in subspecies's of chimpanzees
Native to west equatorial Africa
Thought to be spread to humans through the hunting of the chimpanzee and transmitted through infected blood

5. Coming to America
The earliest presence of AID's in American is thought to be in the 1970’s
Doctor reports from Los Angels and New York show a rare deadly form of cancer rising in males that were involved with other males
In 1982, doctors labeled this new disease AIDS
During the 80’s as many as 150,000 people a year were becoming infected; this number dropped to about 40,000 per year in the 90’s

6. Why teens are at risk?
The number of AIDS cases is decreasing but the number of HIV infections is not declining from those ranging years of age.
The reason for this is new treatments and drug therapies that are allowing patients to live longer

7. How HIV attacks body Attaches to the surface of the cell
Core of the virus enters cell and goes to nucleus
Virus makes copy of genetic material
New virus assembles at surface of cell
New virus breaks away from cell destroying it

8. What this does to the body?
HIV virus enters certain cells of the immune system
T cells- help lymphocytes identify and destroy invading pathogens
Once the virus takes over and copies itself, it destroys the cell when it breaks out
This process repeats itself continuously destroying the number of T cells that help fight off invading pathogens

9. AIDS vs. HIV
As the virus begins to duplicate the number of T cells begins to decrease and the body is weakened to fight infection
The body is susceptible to opportunistic infections
Infections that occur in individuals who do not have healthy immune systems and are difficult to treat
This process takes place over months and years; the virus does not become AIDS until the number of T cells drops below a certain number

10. How it is transmitted
Sexual intercourse – secretions from the infected partner enter through any cuts or sores that may be caused from Std’s; or the transmission of fluid
Sharing Needles- Any injection of drugs that punctures the skin if infected can be transmitted from person to person
Mother to baby – through the umbilical cord and during delivery. Also through the mothers breast milk.
**With the use of antiviral drugs, mothers can drop the risk of transmission down to 1-2 %**

11. Becoming Infected
Just like many STDs, many people infected with HIV show no symptoms and do not receive treatment for several years
Although a person is infectious immediately, symptoms may not show for 6 months to 10 years.
Half of people infected develop symptoms in first three to six weeks

12. Symptoms
Symptoms that do appear in first couple weeks include: fever, rash, headache, body aches, and swollen glands
These symptoms disappear within one week to a month and are often mistaken for a viral infection
Once symptoms disappear the infected person enters the asymptomatic stage.

13. Stages of the Infection: Asymptomatic
Asymptomatic Stage- a period of time during which infected person has no symptoms. This also includes those that show symptoms in the first few weeks.
During this time the virus continues to grow inside the body
At this time the immune system will keep pace with the infection generating billions of new cells until the HIV takes over and infects and destroys most of the cells in the immune system

14. Stages of Infection: Symptomatic
Symptomatic Stage – the infected person with HIV has symptoms of infections due to the severe drop in immune cells (helper T cells)
These symptoms include: swollen glands, weight loss, and yeast infections

15. Stages of Infection: AIDS
Presence of HIV infection
Severely damaged immune system (measured by number of helper T cells)
Appearance of one or more opportunistic infections
By this time HIV has reached the brain cells causing difficulty remembering and thinking

16. Detecting the infection
EIA testing- If person thinks they are exposed the will get tested.
EIA test responds to antibodies in the blood
The initial test can cause inaccurate results
Retesting – If the EIA test is positive they will retest using the same EIA test to rule out any inaccuracies
Western Blot Test- if the repeated test is positive a a western blot test is performed.
The most common test for HIV in the United States
If done properly test is 100% accurate
If positive individual is referred to as HIV-positive

17. Inaccuracy of EIA A false negative:
Test shows the infected individual test negative for infection when the person is HIV-positive
Most people take three to four weeks and up to six months for antibodies to be present in the immune system
If tested before antibodies are present, the test will show a negative result.

18. Inaccuracy of EIA False Positive:
Test shows individual is positive for HIV but the individual did not contract the infection
Certain health conditions will cause the test to show a positive result for HIV antibodies when there are none present
These conditions are: hemophilia, hepatitis, and pregnancy

19. Treating the Infection
There is NO cure for HIV/AIDS
There are drug cocktails – combination of drugs- available to slow progression
Some treatments had severe side effects causing people to stop treatment.
Stopping treatment allows virus to mutate and new drug resistant strains of the virus are developing

20. Health Services Currently Available
There are currently drugs that can help treat HIV and prevent the complications of opportunistic infections
These drug treatments will only improve the quality of life they do not cure the disease
Treatment can be costly, exceeding $1,000 per month
Also, some countries do not have all of the treatments available

21. The Continuing Problem
The new reports of AIDS cases are decreasing
This is impart to the drug cocktails slowing down the progression of HIV to AIDS
In the year 2002 nearly 5 million people had become infected
At the end of 2002 an estimated 40 million people had been are carrying the virus

22. Pandemic HIV is now considered a Pandemic
Pandemic – a global outbreak of infectious diseases
By 2010 between 50 – 70 million people will be infected and living with HIV/AIDS