1. Living Things Depend
On One Another

2. Living Things
and Food
All Living things need food. Some living things get their food in different ways. A bird uses its beak to get food, while plants make their own food.
Plants and animals work together or interact with the environment to get what they need.
Plants interact with sunlight, air and water to make food. Animals interact with plants or other animals to get their food. Animals also interact with nonliving things in their environment, such as water, sunlight, soil and rocks.

3. Producers Plants are producers.
Producers: a living thing that makes its own food.
Producers use the food they make to live and grow
Plants store the extra food they make and don’t use in roots, leaves, seeds and fruit.
People and other animals eat this stored food as their own food.

4. Consumers
Consumer: living thing that eats other living things as food. (animals)
Consumers grouped by the kinds of food they eat:
Some eat only Plants
Example: big horn sheep eat only leaves, twigs, fruits, nuts
Example: panda eats only bamboo and has an extra bone in hand to help it hold bamboo as it eats. They must live where bamboo grows.

5. Consumers
Some animals get food by eating other animals. They have body parts to aid them catch and eat food. Owl has strong claws and sharp beaks.
Some animals eat both plants and other animals. A box turtle eats both berries and insects.

6. Decomposers
Decomposers: a living thing that breaks down dead things for food. They also break down the wastes of living things.
They clean the environment\
Examples: fungi, mushrooms and earthworms

7. Food and Energy Food Chains All living things need energy to live.
Producers get energy from sunlight. They store energy in the food they make.
Consumers can’t make their own food. They get their energy from eating other living things.
Food Chain: Path of food from one living thing to another
food chain also shows how energy moves through the environment
Producer
Consumer
Consumer

8. Energy from
Food
Every living thing uses energy to live and grow. The energy that a living thing uses can’t be passed through the food chain. Thus the higher on the food chain a living thing is, the less energy there is.
Energy Pyramid: shows the amount of useable energy in an ecosystem is less for each higher animal in the food chain.
There are more producers than any other kind of living thing. Most of the energy in an ecosystem is found in plants. The higher in the pyramid an animal is, the fewer of that animal there are. This is because there is less energy available to them.

9. Energy Pyramid
2. 1st level consumers are animals that eat plants. These animals must eat many plants to get energy they need. Energy not used by animal is stored in body.
3. 2nd level consumers are animals that eat other animals. There are fewer of these animals. Some of the energy that is stored in 1st level consumers can be passed on to these animals.
4. Animals that are not eaten by other animals
3. Animals that eat other animals
4. There are very few animals at the top of the pyramid. The energy these top level consumers get has been passed through all the other parts of the food chain.
1. Energy from the sun is taken in by plants and other producers. The energy is used for growth and to make fruits and seeds. Energy not used by plant is stored.
2. Plant eating animals
1. Plants

10. Food Webs
There are many food chains in an ecosystem. Sometimes these food chains overlap.
Food Web: a model that shows how food chains overlap
Contains producers and consumers that are used as food by more than one living thing
Predator: animal that hunts another animal for food
Prey: Animal that is hunted
Some animals can be both predator and prey.
Prey
Predator
Predator/prey

11. Marsh Ecosystem
5. Alligators eat both fish and birds. Alligators are top-level consumers. They are not eaten by other animals in the marsh.
4. Birds eat the fish in the marsh. Some birds also eat the insects and the plants that grow in the marsh. 5 4
1. Plants in marsh use energy of the sun to make food. 3. 2
3. Fish eat the insects. Some fish also eat the plants. Smaller fish are eaten by larger fish.
2. Insects eat the plants that grow in the marsh

12. Ocean Food
Web