1. WARM UP JAKE IS A CAR BUFF WHO WANTS TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THE VEHICLES THAT STUDENTS AT HIS SCHOOL DRIVE. HE GETS PERMISSION TO GO TO THE STUDENT PARKING LOT AND RECORD SOME DATA. LATER, HE DOES SOME RESEARCH ABOUT EACH MODEL OF CAR ON THE INTERNET. FINALLY, JAKE MAKES A SPREADSHEET THAT INCLUDES EACH CAR’S MODEL, YEAR, COLOR, NUMBER OF CYLINDERS, GAS MILEAGE, WEIGHT, AND WHETHER IT HAS A NAVIGATION SYSTEM. 1. WHO ARE THE INDIVIDUALS IN JAKE'S STUDY? 2. WHAT VARIABLES DID JAKE MEASURE?

2. 1.The individuals are the cars in the student parking lot. He measured: 2. the car's model (categorical) 3.Year (Quantitative) 4.Color (categorical) 5.Number of cylinders (quantitative) 6.Gas mileage (quantitative) 7.Weight (quantitative) 8.Whether it has a navigation system (categorical)

3. OBJECTIVE  Today you will learn how to display categorical data with a bar graph. Decide if it would be appropriate to make a pie chart.  Identify what makes some graphs of categorical data deceptive.  Calculate and display the marginal distribution of a categorical variable from a two-way table.

4. Frequency Tables ClassCounts First Second Third Crew 325 285 706 885 Records the totals and the category names Relative Frequency Tables ClassCounts First Second Third Crew 14.77% 12.95% 32.08% 40.21% Displays percentages

5. 600 300 0 Crew Third Second First 900 The Area Principle says that the area occupied by a part of the graph should correspond to the magnitude of the value it represents.

6. Frequency Class

7. Crew 885

8. Bar Charts-Should have small spaces between the bars. Bars are lined up along a common base. Pie Charts- Gives a quick impression of how a whole group is partitioned. Only use pie charts when you want to show the whole group of cases as a WHOLE.

9. Use a pie chart only when you want to emphasize each category’s relation to the whole. Type of informationPercent who post Photo of themselves School name City or town where they live Email address Cell phone number 91 71 53 20 Here are the percentages of 12 to 17 year olds who post various types of personal information on their social media profiles, according the Pew Internet Parent/Teen Privacy Survey in 2012. A pie chart would not be appropriate for these data because each percent in the table refers to a different type of information, not to parts of a whole.

10. Type of informationPercent who post Photo of themselves School name City or town where they live Email address Cell phone number 91 71 53 20 Make a well-labeled bar graph to display the data :

11. Age group (years) Percent owning an MP3 Player 12 to 17 54 18 to 24 30 25 to 34 30 35 to 54 13 55 and older 5 Make a chart of the data. Would you use a bar chart or a pie chart?

12. Marginal Distribution- The marginal distribution of one of the categorical variables in a two-way table of counts is the distribution of values of that variable among ALL individuals described by the table. OpinionFemaleMale Total Almost no chance9698 194 Some chance426286 712 A 50-50 chance696720 1416 A good chance663758 1421 Almost certain486597 1083 Total236724594826 Gender 1.Use the data in the two-way table to calculate the marginal distribution in percent. 2.Make a graph

13. You do: The Pew Research Center asked a random sample of 2024 adult cell phone owners from the United States which type of cell phone they own: iPhone, Android, or other (including non-smart phones). Her are the results by category. 18-3435-5455+Total iPhone169171127467 Android214189100503 Other1342776431054 Total5176378702024

14.  Use the cell phone data to calculate the marginal distribution (in percents) of type of cell phone.  Make a graph to display the marginal distribution. iPhone: 467/2024=23.1% Android: 503/2024= 24.9% Other: 1054/2024= 52.1%

15. BlueBrown Green/Hazel/ Other Total Males620632 Females4161232 Total10361864 A statistics class reports the following data on Sex and Eye Color for students in the class: 1.What percent of females are brown- eyed? 2.What percent of brown-eyed students are female? 3.What percent of students are brown- eyed females 4.What’s the distribution of the Eye Color? 5.What’s the conditional distribution of Eye Color for the males? 6.Compare the percent who are female among the blue-eyed students to the percent of all students who are female.

16. Superpower U.K.U.S. Fly 5445 Freeze 5244 Invisibility 3037 Super strength 2023 Telepathy 4466 1.Find the conditional distributions of superpower preferences among students from the United Kingdom and the United States. 2.Make an appropriate graph to compare the conditional distributions. 3.Is there an association between country or origin and superpower preference? Give appropriate evidence to support your answer.