1. OWL Capturing Semantic Information using a Standard Web Ontology Language Aditya Kalyanpur Jennifer Jay Banerjee James Hendler Presented By Rami Al-Ghanmi

2. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 2 Outline Introduction –The Paper & Authors Ontologies in Computer Science –Ontologies in NLP –History of OWL OWL: Web Ontology Language –Characteristics –OWL & RDF Applications of OWL Conclusion

3. Introduction Paper and Authors The Need of an Ontology Language

4. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 4 The Paper Title: –OWL: Capturing Semantic Information using a Standardized Web Ontology Language Source: –Multilingual Computing & Technology Magazine Vol 15, Issue 7 November 2004 http://new.multilingual.com/ –URL: http://www.mindswap.org/papers/MultiLing.pdf Research Group –Mindswap @ University of Maryland College Park –http://www.mindswap.orghttp://www.mindswap.org

5. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 5 The Authors Aditya Kalyanpur PhD, University of Maryland, College Park 2006 Research Staff Member, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center http://www.mindswap.org/~aditkal/ Jennifer Golbeck PhD, University of Maryland, College Park 2005 Research Director, Joint Institute for Knowledge Discovery (JIKD) http://www.cs.umd.edu/~golbeck/ James A. Hendler Professor, University of Maryland, College Park Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY http://www.cs.umd.edu/~hendler/

6. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 6 Semantic Web Semantic Web is an extention of WWW Semantic Web Content –HTML –Layer of Machine Understandable Data Why an Extra Layer? –Precisely describe knowledge –Specify implicit information (e.g. in videos) –Be publicly accessible and usable How to Create such a Layer?

7. AI & NLP Ontologies History of OWL Ontologies in Computer Science

8. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 8 Ontologies in AI Ontology as a philosophical concept –Ontology is the study of being or existence –Ontology can be said to study conceptions of reality Using Ontology in AI –Specify concepts and relationships –Characterize a certain body of knowledge –Goal: in a machine readable manner –Why? Manipulate and Transform Draw Conclusions

9. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 9 Use of AI Ontologies CROSSMARC –European Research Project, 2003 –Information retrieval from dynamic web content –http://www.iit.demokritos.gr/skel/crossmarc/http://www.iit.demokritos.gr/skel/crossmarc/ AQUA –Knowledge Media Institute, Open University, UK, 2004 –Question Answering System –http://kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/akt/aqua/http://kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/akt/aqua/ IAMTC –Interlingual Annotation of Multilingual Text Corpora –Natual Language support system –Professor Eduard Hovy of ISI is PI. –http://aitc.aitcnet.org/nsf/iamtc/http://aitc.aitcnet.org/nsf/iamtc/

10. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 10 History of OWL Simple HTML Ontology Extension [SHOE] –University of Maryland, 2000 –Added Semantic Tags to HTML pages Ontology Interchange Level [OIL] –EU Project, Led by University of Amsterdam, 2000 –Description Logic was added –Built around XML & RDF DARPA Agent Markup Language Program [DAML] –Department of Defense, 2000 –a.k.a. DAML-ONT DAML+OIL

11. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 11 History of OWL (cont’d) Emergence of a Standard –Success of DAML+OIL –W3C formed Web Ontology Working Group, Nov. 2002 –http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/

12. OWL Characteristics OWL & RDF

13. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 13 Web Ontology Language OWL is built on –Resource Description Framework (RDF) –Uses RDF Schema Language (RDFS) Creating Concepts in OWL –Classes –Properties a.k.a. relationships or attributes –Instances a.k.a. objects

14. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 14 OWL Semantic Graph Concept –Joe Blog, born January 1, 1950, is friends with John Doe. Representation John Doe Joe BlogJoe John Jan 1 1950 birthdayname friend name

15. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 15 OWL in Action (resources) Joe Blog January 1, 1950 John Doe

16. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 16 OWL In Action (domains)

17. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 17 OWL Sub-languages OWL Lite –For tool builders –Easy to use and support OWL DL OWL Full –Domain Modeling –High learning curve

18. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 18 OWL vs. RDF Local Range Restrictions –Domain: Person –Range: Food –Property: Eats –Problem with RDF: Vegetarians !! Set Functionality –Unions –Intersections –Complements –Disjointness Person: AlivePerson or DeadPerson

19. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 19 OWL vs. RDF (cont’d) Cardinalities –Max –Min Others –See OWL specs :)

20. Applications

21. February 15, 2007Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi 21 OWL in Practice W3C’s SWBPD –Semantic Web Best Practices & Development Working Group –WordNet Task Force WordNet –http://wordnet.princeton.edu/http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ QuakeSim –http://quakesim.org/http://quakesim.org/ MindSWAP –http://mindswap.org/http://mindswap.org/

22. Conclusion